Table 3.

Categories and sub-categories of Barriers to Pap smear Test in Iranian Women

Categories	Sub- Categories
Weakness of the health system
	Weakness in hardware capabilities
	Poor trust in the health system
	Training weakness of the health system
	Improper behavior of health personnel
Difficult accessibility
	Weakness in hardware capabilities
	Poor trust in the health system
	Training weakness of the health system
Low health literacy
	Incomplete awareness and understanding
	Misconceptions
	Believing in immunity to diseases
	Avoidance of clinical medicine
	Fear of being diagnosed with cervical cancer
Socio-cultural factors
	Women's financial dependence on men
	Lack of support from men and family
	Marginalization of women's health
	Fatalism
	Embarrassment