Table 1.
Genetic alterations of primary and secondary Glioblastoma (GBM).
| Primary GBM [27,43,44,45,46] |
Secondary GBM [27,32,45,46] |
|---|---|
| LOH chromosome 10q (70%) | IDH1/2 mutation (73–85%) |
| LOH chromosome 10p (50–70%) | TP53 mutation (65–81%) |
| EGFR amplification or mutation (35–45%) | ATRX mutation (65–71%) |
| TP53 mutation (27–30%) | LOH chromosome 10q (63%) |
| PTEN mutation (25%) | LOH chromosome 19q (~50%) |
| O6-MGMT promoter methylation (42%) | MGMT promoter methylation (79%) |
| TERT promoter mutation (72%) | p16INK4a deletion (~19%) |
| PDGFR amplification (~7%) | EGFR amplification (8%) |
| MDM2 mutation (7–12%) | PTEN mutation (<5%) |
| NF1 mutation/deletion (11%) | |
| GLI1 mutation (5–22%) | |
| IDH1/2 mutation (5%) | |
| PIK3CA mutation (1%) |
Summary of reported genetic alterations observed in primary and secondary GBM.