Table 2.

Crude and adjusted ORs of maternal education, psychological distress, and household income (Multiple imputation, N = 93,643)

		Crude					Model 1					Model 2
	Proportiona	OR	95%CI			P	OR	95%CI			P	OR	95%CI			P
Mother’s education
EDC1	4.9%	1.24	0.92	-	1.67	0.160	1.09	0.76	-	1.54	0.645	1.08	0.76	-	1.54	0.656
EDC2	31.5%	0.99	0.83	-	1.19	0.927	0.90	0.73	-	1.11	0.334	0.90	0.73	-	1.11	0.332
EDC3	42.0%	1.00	0.84	-	1.18	0.998	0.96	0.80	-	1.15	0.667	0.96	0.80	-	1.15	0.668
EDC4	21.7%	1.00					1.00					1.00
Household income (10 thousand yen/year)
-199	5.9%	0.98	0.66	-	1.45	0.915	0.93	0.61	-	1.41	0.721	0.93	0.61	-	1.41	0.718
200–399	35.0%	0.91	0.67	-	1.24	0.542	0.93	0.67	-	1.28	0.652	0.93	0.67	-	1.28	0.650
400–599	32.7%	0.86	0.63	-	1.17	0.334	0.89	0.65	-	1.22	0.466	0.89	0.65	-	1.22	0.467
600–799	15.7%	0.85	0.61	-	1.20	0.360	0.88	0.63	-	1.24	0.462	0.88	0.63	-	1.24	0.464
800–999	6.5%	0.72	0.48	-	1.08	0.116	0.74	0.50	-	1.11	0.148	0.74	0.50	-	1.11	0.148
1000-	4.2%	1.00					1.00					1.00
Mother’s psychological distress
No	96.4%	1.00					1.00					1.00
Yes	3.6%	1.39	1.03	-	1.87	0.029	1.32	0.98	-	1.79	0.066	1.31	0.97	-	1.77	0.080

EDC1: junior high school, EDC2: high school, EDC3: technical junior college, technical/vocational college, or EDC4: associate degree bachelor’s degree or postgraduate degree

^aMean proportion of each category in the imputed 25 datasets

Model 1: All listed variables, maternal age, mother BMI, father education, marital status, mother drinking habit, mother smoking, paternal smoking, parity, infant sex, plurality, fertility treatment, hypertensive disorder during pregnancy, thyroid diseases during pregnancy, diabetes mellitus/gestational diabetes during pregnancy, folic acid supplementation during early pregnancy, and mother congenital heart diseases are introduced

Model 2: All variables in Model 1 and anti-depressant use are introduced