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. 2021 Aug 6;27:84. doi: 10.1186/s10020-021-00344-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Placental lipids containing ¹²C-DHA and ¹³C-DHA in placental explants from 17 placenta incubated for 48 h with 24 µmol/L ¹³C-DHA at a physiological glucose concentration (5 mmol/L). A Amount of each lipid (pmol/mg) with percentages showing relative amount of each lipid class compared to total ¹²C-DHA or ¹³C-DHA lipids. Brackets show standard deviation. Colours represent individual lipids. B Boxplots showing the enrichment of each lipid with ¹³C-DHA. Enrichment is the percentage of each lipid containing ¹³C-DHA calculated by the formula 100 * ¹³C-lipid/(¹³C-lipid + ¹²C-lipid). DHA docosahexaenoic acid, DG diacylglycerol, LPC lyso-phosphatidylcholine, LPE lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine, PC phosphatidylcholine, PE-P phosphatidylethanolamine-plasmalogen, TG triacylglycerols. Labeled TGs contained ¹³C-DHA and two other fatty acids which cannot be identified with certainty. Since the total number of fatty acid carbons (x) and the total number of fatty acid double bonds (y) is known for each TG (format x:y), the combined carbon count and saturation of the two remaining fatty acids can be calculated, then predicted based on known abundance in humans. Two TGs contained ¹³C-DHA and two saturated lipids (TG 54:6 [predicted 16:0_16:0_22:6], TG 56:6 [predicted 16:0_18:0_22:6]), two contained DHA with one saturated fatty acid and one mono-unsaturated fatty acid (TG 54:7 [predicted 16:0_16:1_22:6], TG 56:7 [predicted 16:0_18:1_22:6 or 16:1_18:0_22:6]) and five TGs contained DHA with unknown combinations of various unsaturated lipids (TG 56:8, TG 58:8, TG 56:9, TG 58:9 and TG 58:10)