Fig. 7.

Pregnancy exposure to TiO₂NPs impaired the learning and memory ability of offspring at PD49 but not emerged at PD21. After pregnancy exposure to TiO₂NPs, the learning and memory ability of offspring was evaluated by Y maze at postnatal day (PD) 21 and PD49. A Effects of TiO₂NPs on the correct alteration. B Effects of TiO₂NPs on the duration in the novel arm. C Effects of TiO₂NPs on the distance in the novel arm. D The representative track maps in the Y maze. Data were presented as mean ± S.E.M. Statistical analysis was performed by using repeated-measure ANOVA or independent student t test or Mann–Whitney U test