Fig. 9.

Pregnancy exposure to TiO₂NPs did not affect the α-diversity indices at PD10, PD21 and PD49. After 16S rRNA sequencing, the richness and evenness of gut microbiota were evaluated by α-diversity indices at postnatal day (PD) 10, 21 and 49. A Effects of TiO₂NPs on the Ace index. B Effects of TiO₂NPs on the Chao index. C Effects of TiO₂NPs on the Simpson index. D Effects of TiO₂NPs on the Shannon index. E Effects of TiO₂NPs on the Coverage index. Data were presented as mean ± S.E.M. Statistical analysis was performed by using repeated-measure ANOVA or independent student t test or Mann–Whitney U test