Table 3.
Postoperative Outcomes
| Lidocaine (n = 30) | Control (n = 30) | Effect size a (95% CI) |
P value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | ||||
| Serum IL-17 at postoperative 24 h (pg/mL) | 23.0 ± 5.8 | 27.3 ± 8.2 | −4.3 (−8.4 to −0.2) | 0.038 |
| Secondary | ||||
| Serum IL-17 at PACU discharge (pg/mL) | 23.2 ± 6.5 | 27.8 ± 7.6 | −4.6 (−8.7 to −0.5) | 0.024 |
| Serum cortisol at PACU discharge (ng/mL) | 222 ± 71 | 259 ± 82 | −37 (−73 to −2) | 0.036 |
| Serum cortisol at postoperative 24 h (ng/mL) | 189 ± 42 | 196 ± 43 | −7 (−42 to 29) | 0.953 |
| VAS pain scores at PACU discharge | 1.5 ± 1.0 | 2.2 ± 1.3 | −0.7 (−1.3 to −0.1) | 0.019 |
| VAS pain scores at postoperative 24 h | 2.6 ± 1.1 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | −0.4 (−1.0 to 0.2) | 0.273 |
| VAS pain scores at postoperative 48 h | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 0.1 (−0.5 to 0.7) | 0.967 |
| PONV during postoperative 0–48 h | 2 (6.7%) | 8 (26.7%) | 0.36 (0.10 to 0.96) | 0.083 |
| Dizziness during postoperative 0–48 h | 1 (3.3%) | 4 (13.3%) | 0.38 (0.07 to 1.25) | 0.353 |
| Arrhythmia during postoperative 0–48 h | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | – | >0.999 |
| 30-day mortality | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | – | >0.999 |
| Long-termb | ||||
| Chemotherapy | 2 (6.7%) (n = 30) |
6 (21.4%) (n = 28) |
0.45 (0.13 to 1.12) | 0.212 |
| Recurrence | 0 (0%) (n = 30) |
1 (3.6%) (n = 28) |
– | 0.483 |
| Mortality | 0 (0%) (n = 30) |
0 (0%) (n = 28) |
– | >0.999 |
Notes: Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or numbers (%). aEstimated mean differences are reported for continuous variables and relative risks for categorical variables, bLong-term follow-up data were collected until June 30, 2021.
Abbreviations: PACU, post-anesthesia care unit; VAS, visual analog scale; PONV, postoperative nausea and vomiting; CI, confidence interval.