Table 5.

Models of Practice and Scope of Student Contributions Within Student-Led Clinics

Student-Led Clinics	Model of Practice	Scope of Student Contributions
Auckland University of Technology Integrated Health – Interprofessional programmes*	Business/private practice model.33 Informed by Wenger model of Communities of Practice.33 Client-centred, collaborative, holistic, and interprofessional care.29–32	Students plan and deliver interventions in an interprofessional environment, under the supervision of an appropriately registered health professional. As part of the IP programme, students facilitate a one-hour interactive self-management education group each week. Each student is assigned one patient, and all patient appointments are attended by student pairs from different disciplines. Client-focused conferences, led by health students, are held each week. Students reassess patients at the end of the program and compile a comprehensive report sent to their GP.
Design for Health and Well-being (DHW) Lab	Project-based defined as research Industry partnership.	Students engage in a collaborative design process with staff and patients, working through ethics, data collection, and design process
Otago Polytechnic massage clinic	Business/private practice model.	Students plan and implement massages and write up client notes independently. Second- and third-year students also set up appointments directly, manage payments and pay expenses for use of the space/materials.
Three unspecified clinics from New Zealand and seventeen from Australia	On-campus clinics provided by a single professional group.	-
Unitec Osteopathy clinic (and others from Australia and the United Kingdom)	-	-
University of Otago	Interprofessional, care-based course component.	In interprofessional groups of three, students arrange and undertake a home visit to consult with patient with comorbidities. Students then collaborate on group presentations for peers/teaching staff outlining the person’s conditions and develop a multidisciplinary care/management plan.
University of Otago physiotherapy clinic	Business/private practice model.	Students plan and implement treatments and record client notes.
Victoria University psychology centre	Business/private practice model (subsidised by the university). Scientist/practitioner model.	Students provide psychological services, according to level of study, from observation to leading.
Wintec Biokinetic clinic	Not-for-profit, structured programme delivery.	Students complete an assessment with clients and send a feedback report to the referrer; plan and implement an 8-week intervention; and complete a final feedback report.