Table 2.
Effect of home-based exercise program in post-bariatric patients on anthropometric measures, aerobic fitness, functional capacity, biochemical markers, and blood pressure
| Control | Home-based | P-value (group *time) | Between-group difference (CI95%) at follow-up | Delta (Case Completers) | p value (Delta) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | |||||
| Waist Circumference (cm) | 110.0 ± 16.3 | 108.7 ± 15.5 | 111.7 ± 19.0 | 105.5 ± 14.1 | 0.27 | − 3.2 (− 15.3, 8.9) |
CTRL (n = 27) − 0.8 ± 7.9 |
0.11 |
|
HB (n = 14) − 6.1 ± 13.0 | ||||||||
| Hip Circumference (cm)a | 117.6 ± 14.1 | 113.8 ± 13.1 | 118.3 ± 14.7 | 115.4 ± 12.2 | 0.70 | 1.6 (− 8.7, 12.0) |
CTRL (n = 27) − 3.8 ± 5.2 |
0.78 |
|
HB (n = 13) − 4.2 ± 5.3 | ||||||||
| Weight (kg)a | 92.6 ± 20.0 | 88.3 ± 18.7 | 94.8 ± 20.5 | 85.1 ± 17.8 | 0.16 | − 3.2 (− 18.2, 11.8) |
CTRL (n = 27) − 3.5 ± 4.5 |
0.47 |
|
HB (n = 14) − 4.7 ± 6.4 | ||||||||
| BMI (kg m2)a | 35.3 ± 6.7 | 34.1 ± 6.3 | 36.0 ± 6.8 | 34.7 ± 6.2 | 0.94 | 0.6 (− 4.6, 5.7) |
CTRL (n = 27) − 1.3 ± 1.7 |
0.29 |
|
HB (n = 15) − 2.0 ± 2.5 | ||||||||
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 35.3 ± 11.0 | 33.9 ± 11.2 | 35.4 ± 9.6 | 34.0 ± 8.2 | 0.99 | 0.1 (− 7.7, 7.8) |
CTRL (n = 26) − 1.7 ± 3.8 |
0.25 |
|
HB (n = 15) − 0.3 ± 3.3 | ||||||||
| TST− 30 s (rep) | 13.4 ± 2.5 | 13.8 ± 2.5 | 12.8 ± 2.2 | 15.0 ± 2.6b | < 0.01 | 1.2 (− 1.0, 3.4) |
CTRL (n = 23) 0.6 ± 1.8 |
0.02 |
|
HB (n = 13) 2.0 ± 1.7 | ||||||||
| VO2 (mL kg−1 min−1) | 18.9 ± 3.2 | 19.5 ± 3.2 | 17.7 ± 2.7 | 20.0 ± 3.2b | 0.04 | − 0.5 (− 2.3, 3.2) |
CTRL (n = 22) 1.4 ± 2.0 |
0.04 |
|
HB (n = 13) 2.7 ± 2.2 | ||||||||
| TC (mg dL) | 170.3 ± 36.3 | 169.1 ± 31.7 | 162.0 ± 32.6 | 165.1 ± 29.6 | 0.59 | − 4.0 (− 30.1, 22.2) |
CTRL (n = 26) − 5.7 ± 17.5 |
0.21 |
|
HB (n = 12) 2.8 ± 17.6 | ||||||||
| LDL (mg dL) | 92.1 ± 29.0 | 89.2 ± 26.5 | 90.5 ± 30.0 | 87.4 ± 25.0 | 0.97 | − 1.8 (− 23.8, 20.2) |
CTRL (n = 26) − 6.6 ± 16.0 |
0.27 |
|
HB (n = 12) − 0.6 ± 13.9 | ||||||||
| HDL (mg dL)a | 58.8 ± 14.3 | 61.8 ± 13.1 | 51.8 ± 9.2 | 58.5 ± 8.7 | 0.12 | − 3.4 (− 12.3, 5.5) |
CTRL (n = 26) 2.7 ± 6.7 |
0.49 |
|
HB (n = 12) 4.3 ± 6.2 | ||||||||
| TG (mg dL) | 101.0 ± 38.8 | 90.9 ± 33.3 | 104.0 ± 30.4 | 101.7 ± 27.7 | 0.37 | 10.8 (− 14.8, 36.4) |
CTRL (n = 26) − 14.1 ± 26.3 |
0.94 |
|
HB (n = 12) − 13.5 ± 13.8 | ||||||||
| Fasting glucose (mg dL) | 90.1 ± 9.3 | 89.5 ± 13.7 | 89.6 ± 12.5 | 93.1 ± 9.2 | 0.25 | 3.6 (− 5.9, 13.0) |
CTRL (n = 26) − 0.7 ± 13.4 |
0.31 |
|
HB (n = 13) 3.7 ± 9.9 | ||||||||
| Fasting insulin (mg dL) | 10.4 ± 6.3 | 9.3 ± 5.6 | 8.6 ± 3.1 | 9.3 ± 5.5 | 0.22 | 0.0 (− 4.5, 4.6) |
CTRL (n = 17) − 1.2 ± 5.4 |
0.16 |
|
HB (n = 8) 1.9 ± 3.6 | ||||||||
| HbA1c (%) | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.1 ± 0.5 | 5.1 ± 0.6 | 0.68 | − 0.2 (− 0.7, 0.3) |
CTRL (n = 19) 0.02 ± 0.29 |
0.88 |
|
HB (n = 9) 0.01 ± 0.16 | ||||||||
| C− Peptide (ng/mL) | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 1.0 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 0.28 | − 0.1 (− 0.7, 0.6) |
CTRL (n = 20) 0.3 ± 0.9 |
0.26 |
|
HB (n = 11) 0.1 ± 0.7 | ||||||||
| CRP (mg/dL)a | 3.2 ± 5.3 | 1.8 ± 1.8 | 4.8 ± 5.2 | 2.9 ± 3.4 | 0.87 | 1.1 (− 1.5, 3.7) |
CTRL (n = 26) − 1.8 ± 5.3 |
0.81 |
|
HB (n = 12) − 1.4 ± 4.2 | ||||||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 127.9 ± 22.4 | 125.2 ± 18.4 | 119.9 ± 18.6 | 115.5 ± 15.3 | 0.65 | − 9.7 (− 23.2, 4.0) |
CTRL (n = 27) − 4.7 ± 14.7 |
0.41 |
|
HB (n = 15) − 8.5 ± 13.6 | ||||||||
| DBP (mmHg)a | 83.8 ± 13.0 | 76.1 ± 13.1 | 82.0 ± 14.8 | 78.2 ± 11.3 | 0.27 | 2.1 (− 7.9, 11.9) |
CTRL (n = 27) − 8.6 ± 12.5 |
0.53 |
|
HB (n = 15) − 6.2 ± 11.0 | ||||||||
| Z-Score | − 1.3 ± 2.8 | − 1.5 ± 2.9 | − 2.0 ± 2.3 | − 1.6 ± 2.3 | 0.39 | − 0.1 (− 2.2, 1.9) |
CTRL (n = 27) − 0.4 ± 2.2 |
0.61 |
|
HB (n = 14) 0.0 ± 1.8 | ||||||||
BMI body mass index, TST-30s 30 second timed sit test, TC total cholesterol, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, TG triglycerides, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, CRP C-reactive protein, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure
aP <0.05 for main time effect (baseline vs. follow-up)
bIndicates p < 0.05 vs. baseline within group