Table 2.

Impact of smoking on long-term overall, cancer-specific, and recurrence-free survival following transthoracic esophagectomy for esophageal cancers

	No. of patients	Median survival, months	Univariable HR (95% CI)	Multivariable HR (95% CI)
Overall survival
Current	282	35.6 (29.3–47.3)	REF	REF
Ex-smoker	530	42.0 (37.0–53.3)	0.85 (0.71–1.01), p = 0.060	0.94 (0.77–1.14), p = 0.499
Never	356	48.3 (36.9–76.9)	0.76 (0.62–0.92), p = 0.004	0.93 (0.75–1.16), p = 0.529
Cancer-specific survival
Current	282	55.0 (37.6–68.8)	REF	REF
Ex-smoker	530	68.2 (52.3–170.5)	0.83 (0.67–1.01), p = 0.068	0.94 (0.75–1.19), p = 0.615
Never	356	118.6 (62.2–NR)	0.74 (0.59–0.93), p = 0.011	0.90 (0.70–1.16), p = 0.420
Recurrence-free survival
Current	281	57.1 (47.7–NR)	REF	REF
Ex-smoker	526	NR (54.2–NR)	0.90 (0.72–1.13), p = 0.377	1.00 (0.78–1.29), p = 0.980
Never	355	NR (76.0–NR)	0.84 (0.65–1.08), p = 0.173	1.03 (0.78–1.36), p = 0.842

HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, NR not reached