Table 3.

Subset analyses, by neoadjuvant therapy, on the impact of smoking on long-term overall, cancer-specific, and recurrence-free survival following transthoracic esophagectomy for esophageal cancers

	No. of patients	Median survival, months	Univariable HR (95% CI)	Multivariable HR (95% CI)
Neoadjuvant and surgery
Overall survival
Current	145	56.0 (38.5–67.9)	REF	REF
Ex-smoker	282	46.0 (39.8–59.2)	1.02 (0.79–1.32), p = 0.877	1.10 (0.82–1.48), p = 0.513
Never	174	42.2 (33.4–62.2)	1.00 (0.75–1.33), p = 0.999	1.09 (0.80–1.51), p = 0.582
Cancer-specific survival
Current	145	69.7 (55.0–NR)	REF	REF
Ex-smoker	282	67.5 (48.9–NR)	1.03 (0.77–1.39), p = 0.822	1.17 (0.83–1.65), p = 0.372
Never	174	62.2 (44.2–NR)	1.01 (0.73–1.40), p = 0.957	1.07 (0.74–1.55), p = 0.720
Recurrence-free survival
Current	144	81.4 (49.3–NR)	REF	REF
Ex-smoker	279	61.5 (36.4–NR)	1.13 (0.82–1.55), p = 0.451	1.19 (0.83–1.69), p = 0.346
Never	174	47.7 (28.2–NR)	1.12 (0.79–1.59), p = 0.524	1.20 (0.82–1.76), p = 0.351
Unimodality surgery only
Overall survival
Current	137	29.1 (22.8–35.8)	REF	REF
Ex-smoker	248	38.2 (31.5–59.4)	0.72 (0.57–0.91), p = 0.006	0.86 (0.66–1.13), p = 0.278
Never	182	69.5 (40.5–111.3)	0.61 (0.47–0.78), p < 0.001	0.86 (0.63–1.18), p = 0.359
Cancer-specific survival
Current	137	35.8 (28.7–56.2)	REF	REF
Ex-smoker	248	78.2 (46.5–186.0)	0.68 (0.51–0.91), p = 0.009	0.81 (0.58–1.14), p = 0.229
Never	182	199.8 (88.1–NR)	0.57 (0.42–0.79), p = 0.001	0.79 (0.53–1.17), p = 0.236
Recurrence-free survival
Current	137	50.1 (26.1–NR)	REF	REF
Ex-smoker	247	NR (NR–NR)	0.72 (0.52–1.00), p = 0.052	0.89 (0.61–1.31), p = 0.560
Never	181	NR (NR–NR)	0.65 (0.45–0.93), p = 0.019	1.02 (0.66–1.59), p = 0.918

HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, NR not reached