Table 2.
Demographic characteristics of the sample of studies
| Authors, Published (year) | Sample (participants) | Mean age (years) | Years of education | PD Disease duration (years) | DBS (years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frank et al. [21] | HC | 66.0 ± 1.7 | 16.2 ± 0.7 | ||
| PD STN DBSON | 64.5 ± 2.8 | 14.2 ± 1.5 | 14.4 ± 1.5 | ||
| PD STN DBSOFF | 62.3 ± 3.3 | 14.4 ± 1.2 | 15.2 ± 1.8 | ||
| PD MEDON | 67.8 ± 2.1 | 17.8 ± 1.2 | 8.8 ± 0.8 | ||
| PD MEDOFF | 67.6 ± 2.5 | 19.2 ± 1.4 | 9.5 ± 1.4 | ||
| Coulthard et al. [22] | HC | 57 ± 3.4 | |||
| PD STN DBS | 56 ± 2.3 | 9.5 ± 0.8 | 2.21 | ||
| PD MED | 58.9 ± 2.0 | 7.27 ± 1.65 | |||
| Djamshidian et | HC | 59.9 ± 10.4 | |||
| al. [23] | PD STN DBS + L- | 60.0 ± 7.2 | 13.3 ± 4.8 | 3.6 ± 2.4 | |
| dopa | 55.9 ± 10.0 | 15.0 ± 4.9 | 3.9 ± 2.3 | ||
| PD STN DBS + L- | |||||
| dopa + DA | |||||
| Pote et al. [24] | HC | 60.67 ± 10.58 | 16.96 ± 3.63 | ||
| PD STN DBS + | 56.75 ± 5.36 | 14.50 ± 3.37 | 12.58 ± 3.55 | 2.58 ± 1.02 | |
| L-dopa | |||||
| Brandt et al. [25] | HC | 62.39 ± 10.04 | 16.00 ± 2.20 | ||
| PD STN DBS | 67.15 ± 6.28 | 16.00 ± 2.73 | |||
| PD MED | 64.78 ± 8.09 | 16.27 ± 2.96 | |||
| Boller et al. [26] | HC | 63.7 ± 9.0 | |||
| PD STN DBS | 64.3 ± 10.2 | 13.61 ± 7.11 | 2.3 ± 2.6 | ||
| Mirabella et al. [27] | HC | 60.7 ± 1.3 | |||
| PD STN DBS | 60.1 ± 1.8 | 17.5 ± 1.6 | 3.5 ± 0.4 | ||
| Georgiev et al. [28] | HC | 54.00 ± 7.09 | 14.20 ± 2.74 | ||
| PD STN DBS + L- | 56.77 ± 8.93 | 13.18 ± 2.42 | 15.27 ± 4.34 | 3.30 ± 1.25 | |
| dopa + DA | 57.70 ± 7.76 | 13.50 ± 2.41 | 13.30 ± 5.54 | ||
| PD L-dopa + DA | |||||
| Aiello et al. [29] | HC | 61.6 ± 8.9 | 11.8 ± 2.7 | ||
| PD STN DBS | 60.2 ± 6.9 | 9.9 ± 4.6 | 9.8 ± 4.2 | ||
| Wylie et al. [30] | HC | 62.6 ± 8.4 | 16.7 ± 3.1 | ||
| PD STN DBS | 61.8 ± 7.6 | 15.7 ± 3.2 | 13.8 ± 5.9 | ||
| Van Wouwe et al. [31] |
HC PD STN DBS (Exp 1) PD STN DBS (Exp 2) |
63.9 ± 1.6 59.3 ± 2.9 58.9 ± 2.6 |
14.5 ± 0.7 13.7 ± 0.6 13.7 ± 0.7 |
11.8 ± 1.8 12.9 ± 1.7 |
|
| Florin et al. [32] |
HC PD STN DBS PD |
56.5 ± 7.2 57.9 ± 9.4 57.4 ± 9.2 |
11.2 ± 6.5 5.3 ± 3.7 |
||
| Plessow et al. [33] |
HC PD STN DBS |
65.08 ± 8.14 64.31 ± 6.59 |
13.96 13.77 |
17.00 ± 6.03 | 1.69 ± 1.18 |
| Djamshidian et al. [34] | HC | 58.9 ± 12.8 | 13.6 ± 3.2 | ||
| PD STN DBS + L- | 59.1 ± 11.6 | 13.7 ± 2.8 | 15.6 ± 6.0 | 3.6 ± 2.2 | |
| dopa + DA | 57.0 ± 7.0 | 13.9 ± 2.8 | 14.4 ± 5.0 | 3.4 ± 3.3 | |
| PD STN DBS + L- | 64.3 ± 5.2 | 14.5 ± 2.5 | 11.1 ± 7.0 | ||
| dopa | 67.2 ± 7.5 | 14.8 ± 3.1 | 6.2 ± 3.8 | ||
| PD L-dopa + DA | |||||
| PD L-dopa |
HC health controls, PD Parkinson’s Disease Patients, STN-DBS deep brain stimulations of the subthalamic nucleus, DA dopamine agonist therapy