Fig. 5.

Protein (a) expression of expressions of BMP2, 4, and 6 and Smad1. For Western blot reactions, Actin was used as inner control. Representative data of 4 independent experiments on days 3, 7, and 21 of callus formation. Optical density (b) of signals was measured and results were normalized to the optical density of WT tibia. For diagram a, densities and means of four independent experiments (± standard error of the mean) are shown in the figures. Asterisks indicate significant differences compared to sham-operated sides (p < 0.05; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test)