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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Ophthalmol. 2021 Feb 8;229:52–62. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.02.008

Table 2:

β coefficients from linear regression of VSQOL on VFL in the BSE adjusting for covariates

Vision-Specific Quality of Life Measures VFL in Better Seeing Eye P-Value
β coefficient (95% CI)* MD (dB) of VFL Associated with 5-point Difference in QOL**

NEI-VFQ-25
Item Response Theory
 IRT Task Composite 0.80 (0.65, 0.95) 6.2 < 0.001
 IRT Well-Being Composite 0.54 (0.42, 0.67) 9.2 < 0.001
Classical Test Theory
 CTT Composite§ 0.38 (0.32, 0.44) 13.3 < 0.001
 Driving Difficulties 0.83 (0.70, 0.97) 6.0 < 0.001
 General Vision 0.58 (0.44, 0.71) 8.7 < 0.001
 Near Vision 0.52 (0.42, 0.62) 9.6 < 0.001
 Vision-Related Mental Health 0.48 (0.37, 0.58) 10.5 < 0.001
 Peripheral Vision 0.43 (0.34, 0.52) 11.7 < 0.001
 Distance Vision 0.38 (0.29, 0.46) 13.3 < 0.001
 Vision-Related Role Function 0.34 (0.23, 0.46) 14.5 < 0.001
 Vision-Related Dependency 0.30 (0.22, 0.38) 16.8 < 0.001
 Vision-Related Social Function 0.23 (0.17, 0.28) 22.1 < 0.001
 Ocular Pain 0.17 (0.07, 0.27) 29.0 0.001
 Color Vision 0.06 (0.01, 0.11) 86.0 0.030
General Health Item
 General Health 0.60 (0.41, 0.79) 8.4 < 0.001
SF-12
 Mental Component Score 0.08 (0.03, 0.13) 62.1 0.001
 Physical Component Score −0.01 (−0.05, 0.03) 0.707

VSQOL = Vision-Specific Quality of Life; VFL = Visual Field Loss; BSE = Better Seeing Eye; AFEDS = African American Eye Disease Study; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; NEI-VFQ-25 = National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25-Item; MD = Mean Deviation; IRT = Item Response Theory; CTT = Classical Test Theory; SF-12 = 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey

*

VFL is presented as mean deviation score in decibels; vision-specific quality of life is assessed by the NEI-VFQ-25; and health-related quality of life is assessed by the SF-12. Data are presented as coefficient (95% CI). The SF-12 and NEI-VFQ-25 scores are adjusted for age, gender, education, employment status, income, acculturation, co-morbidities, health insurance, vision insurance, and visual acuity impairment.

**

Regression coefficients were transformed per 5-point difference in HRQOL score, a clinically significant difference in VSQOL score.

IRT Task Composite was calculated from a graded response theory model of 13 items from near vision, distance vision, driving, color vision, peripheral vision, and role difficulties subscales.

IRT Well-Being Composite was calculated from a graded response model of 12 items from general vision, dependency on others, mental health, ocular pain, and social functioning subscales.

§

Composite score is an un-weighted mean of the 12 subscale scores (excluding general health).

Scores could be generated for only 4,574 of the participants who reported that they were currently driving or had driven in the past.