Proximal tibial metaphyses from male sham (A), orchiectomy (ORX) (B), and ORX + T (C) and female sham (D), ovariectomy (OVX) (E), and OVX + T (F) rats. Note reduced mass of black cancellous bone spicules, indicative of cancellous osteopenia in GX rats of both sexes. Testosterone (T) prevented loss of cancellous bone in ORX males and partially prevented bone loss in OVX females (×40). [Adapted from (36). Copyright © 2008 The Physiological Society. Used with permission.]