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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Feb 14.
Published in final edited form as: Nanoscale. 2021 Feb 4;13(6):3374–3411. doi: 10.1039/d0nr08353d

Figure 12. Light-Independent Inactivation Pathways of Plasmonic Nano-Antimicrobials.

Figure 12.

(A) Scheme for light-independent interaction modes of plasmonic metal NPs with microbial pathogens.

(B) Fusion assay mimicking gp120-CD4 binding based on HIV-1 Env-expressing HL2/3 cells and HeLa-CD4-LTR-β-gal cells. Reproduced from Ref. 193 under the CC BY 2.0 Creative Commons license.

(C) Scheme for the virucidal activity of MES-Au NPs and MUS-Au NPs. Reprinted by permission from Springer Nature, Nature Materials. Ref. 196. COPYRIGHT (2017).

(D) Quantification of the antibacterial activity and Gram selectivity for 5.2 nm Au NPs with different positive:negative ligand ratios. Reproduced from Ref. 199. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH&Co. KGaA, Weinheim.