FIGURE 2.

Schematic illustration for heat stress in male germ cells. Heat stress induces stress granule (SG) formation by phosphorylating eIF2α, recruiting RNA binding protein (DAZL, BOULE, RACK) and ultimately protecting normal spermatogenesis from germ cell apoptosis. In addition, MAGE‐B2, a testis‐specific protein, can enhance stress tolerance by modulating SG formation. BOULE, a founding member of the DAZ gene family; DAZL, deleted in azoospermia‐like; eIF2α, eukaryotic initiation factor‐2alpha; MAGE‐B2, testis‐specific protein; MAPK, mitogen‐activated protein kinases; RACK, receptor for activated protein kinase C