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. 2021 Jul 30;21(4):345–355. doi: 10.17245/jdapm.2021.21.4.345

Table 2. Intragroup comparison of VCARS.

Group Mean SD Difference P-value
BD Before 3.06 1.30 1.84 ± 0.39 < 0.001**
After 1.22 0.91
CS Before 4.78 1.58 0.14 ± 0.06 0.466; NS
After 4.92 1.52

Wilcoxon-Signed Rank Test: NS: P > 0.05; Not significant; **P < 0.001; Highly significant. BD, Buzzy Device; CS, Counter Stimulation; SD, Standard Deviation.