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. 2021 Jul 30;21(4):345–355. doi: 10.17245/jdapm.2021.21.4.345

Table 3. Intragroup comparison of VPT.

Group Mean SD Difference P-value
BD Before 4.88 1.46 3.1 ± 0.20 < 0.001**
After 1.78 1.26
CS Before 4.78 1.58 0.14 ± 0.06 0.309; NS
After 5.04 1.62

Wilcoxon-Signed Rank Test: NS: P > 0.05; Not significant; **P < 0.001; Highly significant. BD, Buzzy Device; CS, Counter Stimulation; SD, Standard Deviation; VPT, Venham Picture Test.