Table 1.

Characteristics of the Overall Study Population and Those with Housing Issues at Johns Hopkins Health System between 2016 and 2018

Characteristics	Overall (N = 1,034,683)		Housing issues* (N = 59,674)
	n	%	n	%
Age (years)
0–17	196,252	19.0%	11,388	19.1%
18–29	128,229	12.4%	8070	13.5%
30–49	254,088	24.6%	14,866	24.9%
50–64	220,109	21.3%	12,771	21.4%
65–85	236,005	22.8%	12,579	21.1%
Sex
Male	457,985	44.3%	26,468	44.4%
Female	576,607	55.7%	33,206	55.6%
Race
White	592,795	57.3%	32,197	54.0%
African American	279,802	27.0%	18,177	30.5%
Asian	53,471	5.2%	2704	4.5%
Other	108,615	10.5%	6596	11.1%
Neighborhood Characteristics (ADI National Rank)†
Below the 10th Percentile	268,001	25.9%	13,821	23.2%
Between 11th & 89th Percentiles	717,002	69.3%	42,046	70.5%
Above the 90th Percentile	49,680	4.8%	3807	6.4%
Insurance Type
Medicare	206,178	19.9%	11,960	20.0%
Medicaid	76,956	7.4%	6513	10.9%
Commercial	522,962	50.5%	27,051	45.3%
No Insurance	221,179	21.4%	13,739	23.0%
International Patients	787	0.1%	46	0.1%
Other	6621	0.6%	365	0.6%
Health Care Utilization‡
0–5	656,755	63.5%	32,366	54.2%
6–10	159,432	15.4%	9498	15.9%
11–20	119,969	11.6%	8407	14.1%
≥21	98,527	9.5%	9403	15.8%
Charlson Comorbidity Score
0	806,173	77.9%	44,195	74.1%
1	177,552	17.2%	11,145	18.7%
2	34,983	3.4%	2772	4.6%
≥3	15,975	1.5%	1562	2.6%

^*Patient-level housing issues (identified in EHR structured or unstructured data) included homelessness, housing instability, and building characteristics/structure of the patients' residence.

^†Using ADI national rank for patient's place of residence. Higher ADI national rank represents a more disadvantaged neighborhood.

^‡Number of encounters with the health care system during the study period (2016–2018).

ADI, Area Deprivation Index; EHR, electronic health record.