Table 1.
Clinical and Imaging Characteristics
Overall (n=200) | RVH* + (n=93) | RVH* − (n=107) | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|
CLINICAL | ||||
Age (year) | 59.9 ± 16.2 | 57.7 ± 16.8 | 61.9 ± 15.5 | 0.06 |
Male sex | 53% (106) | 53% (49) | 53% (57) | 0.94 |
Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors | ||||
Hypertension | 59% (118) | 57% (52) | 61% (65) | 0.59 |
Hypercholesterolemia | 52% (103) | 45% (42) | 57% (61) | 0.09 |
Diabetes Mellitus | 24% (47) | 25% (23) | 22% (24) | 0.70 |
Tobacco Use | 37% (74) | 34% (32) | 39% (42) | 0.48 |
Family History | 21% (41) | 20% (19) | 21% (22) | 0.98 |
Coronary Artery Disease | 34% (67) | 22% (20) | 44% (47) | 0.001 |
Prior Myocardial Infarction | 27% (53) | 15% (14) | 36% (39) | 0.001 |
Cardiovascular Medications | ||||
Beta-blocker | 55% (109) | 52% (48) | 57% (61) | 0.45 |
ACE-Inhibitor/Angiotensin Receptor Blocker | 42% (83) | 36% (33) | 47% (50) | 0.11 |
Loop diuretic | 38% (76) | 53% (49) | 25% (27) | <0.001 |
HMG CoA-Reductase Inhibitor | 49% (98) | 41% (38) | 56% (60) | 0.03 |
Aspirin | 51% (101) | 44% (41) | 56% (60) | 0.09 |
CARDIAC MORPHOLOGY AND FUNCTION | ||||
Echocardiography | ||||
Right Ventricle | ||||
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (cm) | 1.87 ± 0.56 | 1.79 ± 0.58 | 1.94 ± 0.53 | 0.08 |
RV peak systolic annular velocity – S’ (mm/s) | 11.8 ± 3.4 | 10.9 ± 3.0 | 12.5 ± 3.5 | 0.001 |
RV dysfunction† | 20% (34) | 25% (21) | 14% (13) | 0.07 |
Advanced (≥ moderate) tricuspid regurgitation | 17% (33) | 32% (29) | 4 (4%) | <0.001 |
Left Ventricle | ||||
Ejection Fraction (%) | 52.6 ± 17.2 | 53.2 ± 17.7 | 52.1 ± 16.9 | 0.67 |
End-diastolic diameter (cm) | 5.3 ± 0.9 | 5.3 ± 1.0 | 5.2 ± 0.7 | 0.42 |
End-systolic diameter (cm) | 3.9 ± 1.1 | 3.9 ± 1.2 | 3.8 ± 1.0 | 0.52 |
Myocardial Mass (g) | 175.8 ± 70.5 | 176.9 ± 76.8 | 174.8 ± 64.2 | 0.64 |
(g/m2) | 93.8 ± 35.4 | 92.6 ± 38.0 | 95.1 ± 32.9 | 0.84 |
Pulmonary Arterial Systolic Pressure (mmHg) | 51.1 ± 27.1 | 68.0 ± 28.6 | 36.4 ± 14.3 | <0.001 |
Pulmonary hypertension (PASP ≥35mmHg) | 60% (120) | 82% (76) | 41% (44) | <0.001 |
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance | ||||
Right Ventricle | ||||
Ejection fraction (%) | 46.6 ± 13.2 | 39.4 ± 13.3 | 53.0 ± 9.2 | <0.001 |
End-diastolic volume (ml) | 170.8 ± 63.2 | 216.7 ± 57.7 | 130.9 ± 34.2 | <0.001 |
(ml/m2) | 92.1 ± 32.9 | 115.2 ± 31.6 | 72.0 ± 16.9 | <0.001 |
End-systolic volume (ml) | 95.3 ± 54.5 | 133.4 ± 56.0 | 62.2 ± 22.1 | <0.001 |
(ml/m2) | 51.4 ± 29.4 | 71.4 ± 31.3 | 34.1 ± 11.2 | <0.001 |
Myocardial Mass (g) | 32.2 ± 13.2 | 42.8 ± 11.7 | 23.0 ± 4.6 | <0.001 |
(g/m2) | 17.4 ± 7.0 | 22.9 ± 6.7 | 12.7 ± 2.3 | <0.001 |
RV mass/volume ratio (g/ml) | 0.19 ± 0.04 | 0.20 ± 0.04 | 0.18 ± 0.04 | 0.001 |
Left Ventricle | ||||
Ejection fraction (%) | 55.2 ± 16.5 | 55.9 ± 17.6 | 54.7 ± 15.5 | 0.61 |
End-diastolic volume (ml) | 154.3 ± 70.1 | 165.4 ± 85.3 | 144.7 ± 52.1 | 0.04 |
(ml/m2) | 82.7 ± 34.3 | 86.6 ± 41.4 | 79.4 ± 26.3 | 0.15 |
End-systolic volume (ml) | 75.6 ± 64.4 | 81.7 ± 80.4 | 70.4 ± 46.1 | 0.23 |
(ml/m2) | 40.4 ± 32.8 | 42.9 ± 40.6 | 38.3 ± 24.0 | 0.35 |
Myocardial Mass (g) | 140.4 ± 52.5 | 150.7 ± 62.8 | 131.4 ± 39.9 | 0.02 |
(g/m2) | 75.2 ± 25.4 | 79.2 ± 30.3 | 71.8 ± 19.9 | 0.054 |
Data presented as mean ± standard deviation (data in parentheses refer to range for each respective variable)
Defined by the reference standard of CMR using established criteria(1) (males: >31.9g, females: >26.4g in females)
Defined by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion <1.6cm and RV peak systolic annular velocity <10mm/sec