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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Healthc Mater. 2021 Apr 22;10(15):e2100157. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202100157

Figure 2. Nanomaterial design for T cell manufacturing.

Figure 2.

(a) (Left) Lipid/polymer-based Nanoparticles (NPs) can be used as nonviral vectors to deliver CAR-encoded DNA to isolated T cells ex vivo[17–20, 91]. (Right) Examples of lipids and polymers that have shown to successfully transfect T cells with CAR transgene[18–20]. (b) Systemically administered NPs carrying CAR DNA and displaying T cell targeting ligands can reprogram endogenous T cells for CAR expression in situ[19]. (c) Transposon[21–23] and CRISPR/Cas9[25, 95] systems present as nonviral approaches that can integrate CAR transgene into the T cell genome. NP, nanoparticles; CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; CRISPR/Cas9, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9.