Table 4.
Ordered, multilevel, logistic regression odds ratios predicting association between covariates and family-planning clients’ reported impact of method on sex life, one to three months after enrollment (N = 3,762 observations).
| Adjusted Odds Ratio | Confidence Interval | Level of Significance | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline method | |||
| Oral contraceptives (reference) | — | — | — |
| Implant | 1.19 | (.95–1.50) | p = .13 |
| Copper IUD | 1.88 | (1.45–2.44) | p ≤ .001 |
| LNg IUD | 1.15 | (.92–1.42) | p = .22 |
| Three-month injectable | .74 | (.55–.98) | p = .04 |
| Vaginal ring | .82 | (.59–.1.15) | p = .25 |
| Bleeding changes | |||
| I’ve had no vaginal bleeding | 1.36 | (1.09–1.71) | p = .01 |
| I’ve had less bleeding than before | 1.43 | (1.18–1.74) | p ≤ .001 |
| I’ve had no change from before (reference) | — | — | — |
| I’ve had more bleeding than before | .77 | (.63–.94) | p = .01 |
| Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire: Physical side effects (scale 0–5) | .77 | (.69–.86) | p ≤ .001 |
| Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire: Mood side effects (scale 0–5) | .99 | (.92–1.06) | p = .75 |
| WHO-5 Well-Being Scale (scale 0–25) | 1.07 | (1.06–1.09) | p ≤ .001 |
| Age | |||
| 18–19 (reference) | — | — | — |
| 20–24 | .79 | (.65–.97) | p = .02 |
| 25–29 | .74 | (.58–.94) | p = .01 |
| 30–34 | .55 | (.40–.74) | p ≤ .001 |
| 35 and older | .61 | (.43–.86) | p = .01 |
| Highest level of education completed | |||
| Did not complete high school (reference) | — | — | — |
| High school or GED | .96 | (.67–1.37) | p = .82 |
| Some associate, vocational, technical training, or college | .88 | (.61–1.28) | p = .50 |
| Completed four-year college or higher | .85 | (.57–1.28) | p = .44 |
| Race and ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic White (reference) | — | — | — |
| Hispanic non-White | .87 | (.72–1.06) | p = .16 |
| Non-White, non-Hispanic other | 1.21 | (.95–1.54) | p = .13 |
| Poverty category | |||
| At or below poverty level (reference) | — | — | — |
| 101%–199% above poverty level | 1.00 | (.84–1.21) | p = .96 |
| 200%–299% above poverty level | 1.01 | (.81–1.25) | p = .95 |
| 300% or more above poverty level | .95 | (.74–1.22) | p = .69 |
| Relationship status | |||
| Married (reference) | — | — | — |
| Cohabiting or committed relationship | 1.14 | (.90–1.45) | p = .28 |
| Actively dating | 1.24 | (.94–1.64) | p = .13 |
| Single | .74 | (.56–.99) | p = .04 |
| Other† | 1.20 | (.82–1.78) | p = .35 |
| Sexual orientation | |||
| Heterosexual or mostly heterosexual (reference) | — | — | — |
| Other‡ | 1.04 | (.83–1.30) | p = .76 |
| Study-related fixed controls: enrollment site, study period, wave | ✔ | ||
| Individual fixed controls: number of bleeding days, interval between surveys | ✔ | ||
| df | 51 | ||
| N | 3,762 |
Note. LNg = levonorgestrel; IUD = intrauterine device. The bold value corresponds to odds ratio that are statistically significant at the p < .05 level.