Figure 1.

Dose-response analysis was performed using restricted cubic spline model for the association between energy-adjusted dietary carrot intake and bladder cancer risk in males (A) and females (B). Solid lines represent point estimates and dashed lines represent 95% CIs. HRs were calculated by restricted cubic spline regression with three knots (i.e., 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles) adjusting for age, sex, race, BMI, education, smoking status, drinking status, marital status, family history of cancer, arm, Supplemental Beta-Carotene, Supplemental Calcium, Supplemental Vitamin A, Supplemental Vitamin C, Supplemental Vitamin D, and Supplemental Vitamin E. HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index.