Table 4.
Sensitivity analyses: risk of frailty according to the intellectual activity and social activity scores.
| No. of cases | Multivariable-adjusted model 1 | Multivariable-adjusted model 2 | Multivariable-adjusted model 3 | Multivariable-adjusted model 4 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relative risk (95%CI) | P-value | Relative risk (95%CI) | P-value | Relative risk (95%CI) | P-value | Odds ratio (95%CI) | P-value | |||
| SA1 | Intellectual activity scores | |||||||||
| 0 | 653/5,395 | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | |
| 1–2 | 57/848 | 0.65 (0.50–0.85) | 0.0016 | 0.65 (0.50–0.85) | 0.0015 | 0.62 (0.47–0.81) | 0.0005 | 0.54 (0.38–0.75) | 0.0003 | |
| ≥3 | 46/646 | 0.66 (0.50–0.89) | 0.0058 | 0.66 (0.50–0.89) | 0.0056 | 0.65 (0.48–0.88) | 0.0050 | 0.40 (0.27–0.59) | <0.0001 | |
| Social activity scores | ||||||||||
| 0 | 502/4,302 | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | |
| 1–2 | 93/1,147 | 0.74 (0.60–0.91) | 0.0053 | 0.75 (0.61–0.92) | 0.0067 | 0.72 (0.58–0.90) | 0.0030 | 0.59 (0.45–0.79) | 0.0003 | |
| ≥3 | 161/1,440 | 0.95 (0.80–1.12) | 0.5394 | 0.95 (0.80–1.12) | 0.5458 | 0.96 (0.81–1.14) | 0.6601 | 0.97 (0.77–1.22) | 0.7917 | |
| SA2 | Intellectual activity scores | |||||||||
| 0 | 731/5,395 | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | |
| 1–2 | 69/848 | 0.70 (0.56–0.89) | 0.0039 | 0.70 (0.55–0.89) | 0.0038 | 0.67 (0.52–0.85) | 0.0013 | 0.58 (0.42–0.79) | 0.0006 | |
| ≥3 | 56/646 | 0.72 (0.56–0.94) | 0.0147 | 0.72 (0.56–0.94) | 0.0147 | 0.72 (0.55–0.94) | 0.0164 | 0.47 (0.33–0.68) | <0.0001 | |
| Social activity scores | ||||||||||
| 0 | 564/4,302 | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | |
| 1–2 | 110/1,147 | 0.77 (0.64–0.94) | 0.0086 | 0.78 (0.64–0.94) | 0.0110 | 0.76 (0.63–0.93) | 0.0069 | 0.64 (0.49–0.84) | 0.0011 | |
| ≥3 | 182/1,440 | 0.94 (0.81–1.10) | 0.4715 | 0.94 (0.81–1.10) | 0.4691 | 0.95 (0.81–1.11) | 0.5145 | 0.95 (0.77–1.19) | 0.6732 | |
| SA3 | Intellectual activity scores | |||||||||
| 0 | 539/4,953 | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | |
| 1–2 | 45/760 | 0.65 (0.48–0.87) | 0.0042 | 0.65 (0.48–0.87) | 0.0039 | 0.61 (0.45–0.83) | 0.0015 | 0.51 (0.35–0.75) | 0.0005 | |
| ≥3 | 38/588 | 0.68 (0.49–0.94) | 0.0178 | 0.68 (0.49–0.94) | 0.0180 | 0.65 (0.47–0.91) | 0.0125 | 0.39 (0.25–0.60) | <0.0001 | |
| Social activity scores | ||||||||||
| 0 | 419/3,939 | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | |
| 1–2 | 74/1,040 | 0.71 (0.56–0.90) | 0.0044 | 0.72 (0.57–0.91) | 0.0058 | 0.69 (0.54–0.88) | 0.0025 | 0.57 (0.42–0.78) | 0.0005 | |
| ≥3 | 129/1,322 | 0.90 (0.75–1.09) | 0.2952 | 0.90 (0.75–1.09) | 0.2902 | 0.92 (0.76–1.11) | 0.4011 | 0.92 (0.72–1.18) | 0.5217 | |
| SA4 | Intellectual activity scores | |||||||||
| 0 | 549/5,226 | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | |
| 1–2 | 44/820 | 0.61 (0.45–0.83) | 0.0014 | 0.61 (0.45–0.83) | 0.0014 | 0.60 (0.44–0.80) | 0.0007 | 0.51 (0.35–0.73) | 0.0003 | |
| ≥3 | 37/628 | 0.64 (0.46–0.88) | 0.0062 | 0.64 (0.46–0.88) | 0.0063 | 0.65 (0.47–0.90) | 0.0092 | 0.40 (0.26–0.61) | <0.0001 | |
| Social activity scores | ||||||||||
| 0 | 425/4,161 | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 1.00 (Reference) | – | |
| 1–2 | 72/1,119 | 0.68 (0.53–0.86) | 0.0016 | 0.68 (0.54–0.87) | 0.0019 | 0.68 (0.54–0.86) | 0.0016 | 0.57 (0.42–0.77) | 0.0003 | |
| ≥3 | 133/1,394 | 0.94 (0.78–1.13) | 0.4816 | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) | 0.4366 | 0.93 (0.78–1.12) | 0.4654 | 0.93 (0.73–1.18) | 0.5453 | |
Multivariable-adjusted model 1: adjusted for age and sex.
Multivariable-adjusted model 2: additionally adjusted for economic development regions (>$10,000, $10,000 to >7,000, and ≤ $7,000).
Multivariable-adjusted model 3: additionally adjusted for sleep (≥6 h or <6 h), smoking (never, past, or current), and whether one had a fall down experience (yes or no).
Multivariable-adjusted model 4: additionally adjusted for cancer, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hypertension, and stroke. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used in model 4.
SA1: defined frailty as FI ≥ 0.24 in sensitivity analysis 1.
SA2: defined frailty as FI ≥ 0.23 in sensitivity analysis 2.
SA3: included only those participants ≥65 years old in sensitivity analysis 3.
SA4: included only the participants without missing data in sensitivity analysis 4.
SA, sensitivity analysis.