Table 4.
The pooled results of adverse events rates between remimazolam group and control group.
| Control | Complications | OR | 95% CI | I2 | p-value for effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Hypotension | 0.62 | (0.42, 0.91) | 36% | p = 0.01 |
| Hypoxia | 1.03 | (0.56, 1.87) | 7% | p = 0.93 | |
| Bradycardia | 0.80 | (0.41, 1.56) | 0% | p = 0.51 | |
| Nausea | 0.51 | (0.11, 2.46) | 58% | p = 0.40 | |
| Vomiting | 0.59 | (0.16, 2.21) | 0% | p = 0.43 | |
| Pain of injection site | 0.99 | (0.05, 20.82) | — | p = 0.99 | |
| Propofol | Hypotension | 0.25 | (0.18, 0.34) | 36% | p <0.00001 |
| Hypoxia | 0.15 | (0.07, 0.33) | 0% | p <0.00001 | |
| Bradycardia | 0.27 | (0.06, 1.33) | — | p = 0.11 | |
| Nausea | 5.00 | (0.58, 43.20) | — | p = 0.14 | |
| Vomiting | 2.95 | (0.12, 72.95) | — | p = 0.51 | |
| Pain of injection site | 0.03 | (0.01, 0.13) | 0% | p <0.0001 | |
| Midazolam | Hypotension | 0.56 | (0.41, 0.77) | 37% | p = 0.0003 |
| Hypoxia | 1.04 | (0.64, 1.68) | 0% | p = 0.89 | |
| Bradycardia | 0.66 | (0.38, 1.14) | 0% | p = 0.14 | |
| Nausea | 1.13 | (0.37, 3.43) | 0% | p = 0.83 | |
| Vomiting | 1.01 | (0.25, 4.07) | 0% | p = 0.99 | |
| Pain of injection site | 1.15 | (0.05, 24.28) | — | p = 0.93 |
—: Represents only one study, the result has no I2 value. The adverse events was defined as follows: (1) hypotension: the reduction of SBP ≥ 20% or decreased to ≤ 80 mmHg (compared to baseline); (2) hypoxia: respiratory rate <8 breaths/min and/or oxygen saturation <90% in the duration from initial administration of trial drugs to fully alert; (3) bradycardia: heart rate <40 beats/min or a drop in heart rate of 20% or more from baseline, which lasted continuously for 30 s; (4) nausea, vomiting, and pain of injection site are considered to have occurred as long as the clinical symptoms appear more than once.