Table 3.
Symptom score and biomarkers related to functional dyspepsia.
| References | Study design | Total score | Epigastric pain | Epigastric burning | Decreased food intake | Postprandial fullness | Belching | Acid reflux | Early satiation | Nausea and/or vomiting | Obstruction of throat | Loss of appetite | Motilin | Ghrelin | 5-HT | Gastrin | Somatostatin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chen et al. (37) | AA + prokinetics | (A) < (B)* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Chen et al. (41) | MA + prokinetics | – | (A) < (B)+ | (A) < (B)+ | – | (A) < (B)+ | – | – | (A) < (B)+ | – | – | – | (A) > (B)+ | – | – | (A) > (B)+ | – |
| Chung et al. (42) | EA + gastrocaine | – | (change value) (A) > (B)* |
(change value) N.S |
– | (change value) (A) > (B)+ |
– | – | (change value) (A) > (B)* |
(change value) (A) > (B)* |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Fan (33) | MA + prokinetics | – | (A) < (B)* | (A) < (B)* | – | (A) < (B)* | – | – | (A) < (B)* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Han (44) | EA + prokinetics + acid suppressants | (A) < (B)* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | (A) > (B)* | – | – | – | – |
| Han (44) | EA + prokinetics + acid suppressants + antidepressants | (A) < (B)* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | (A) > (B)* | – | – | – | – |
| He (29) | MA + prokinetics | (A) < (B)* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Mao (31) | EA + prokinetics | (A) < (B)* | (A) < (B)* | N.S | – | (A) < (B)* | – | – | (A) < (B)* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Mei (40) | EA + prokinetics | (A) < (B)* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Wang (43) | MA + prokinetics + acid suppressants | – | (A) < (B)+ | (A) < (B)+ | (A) < (B)+ | (A) < (B)+ | – | – | (A) < (B)+ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yan (35) | MA + prokinetics | – | (A) < (B)* | – | – | (A) < (B)* | – | – | (A) < (B)* | (A) < (B)* | – | (A) < (B)* | (A) > (B)* | (A) < (B)* | (A) < (B)* | – | – |
| Yang et al. (36) | MA + prokinetics + antidepressants | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | (A) < (B)+ | – |
| Yang and Huang (39) | MA + prokinetics + antidepressants | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | (A) < (B)* | – | – | (A) < (B)* | (A) < (B)* | ||
| Yu (24) | MA + prokinetics + acid suppressants | (A) < (B) (no statistical data) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Zhang (30) | MA + prokinetics | – | N.S | – | N.S | N.S | N.S | N.S | N.S | N.S | N.S | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Zhang (45) | MA + prokinetics | (A) < (B)* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Zhang (32) | MA + acid suppressants | – | (A) < (B)* | (A) < (B)* | – | – | (A) < (B)* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | - | - |
AA, auricular acupuncture; EA, electro-acupuncture; MA, manual acupuncture; N.S, not significant; 5-HT, 5-Hydroxytryptamine.
*
p < 0.05,
+p < 0.01, (A) treatment group, (B) control group.