Table 1.
Patient background
| Control group | Testosterone group | P‐value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 41 | 40 | |||
| Age, year | 68 (49–94) | 67 (52–83) | n.s. | ||
| BMI | 22.1 (17.6–32.6) | 21.4 (15.3–30.6) | n.s. | ||
| PS, n | 0 | 25 | 19 | 0.006 | |
| 1 | 15 | 9 | |||
| 2 | 1 | 7 | |||
| 3 | 0 | 4 | |||
| 4 | 0 | 1 | |||
| Primary site, n | GU | Kidney | 14 | 16 | n.s. |
| Bladder | 6 | 4 | |||
| Renal pelvis | 3 | 3 | |||
| Ureter | 2 | 3 | |||
| Others | Pancreas | 7 | 3 | ||
| Lung | 5 | 5 | |||
| STS | 2 | 0 | |||
| MM | 1 | 1 | |||
| Gallbladder | 0 | 1 | |||
| Bile duct | 0 | 1 | |||
| Thyroid | 0 | 1 | |||
| Leukaemia | 0 | 1 | |||
| CUP | 1 | 1 | |||
| Disease status, n | Locally invasive | 4 | 2 | n.s. | |
| Metastatic | 36 | 36 | |||
| Undefined | 1 | 2 | |||
| Concurrent cancer treatment, n | Chemotherapy | 22 | 18 | n.s. | |
| Molecular targeted therapy | 14 | 16 | |||
| Radiotherapy | 3 | 3 | |||
| None | 2 | 3 | |||
| Surgery for primary site, n | Yes | 21 | 17 | n.s. | |
| No | 20 | 23 | |||
| Previous treatment line a , n | 0 | 13 | 15 | n.s. | |
| 1 | 9 | 8 | |||
| 2 | 11 | 9 | |||
| 3 | 6 | 5 | |||
| 4 | 2 | 3 | |||
| Antidepressive/antianxiety agent, n | Yes | 10 | 11 | n.s. | |
| No | 31 | 29 | |||
| Past weight data b , n | Not available | 26 | 28 | ||
| Available | 15 | 12 | |||
| Weight change, kg | −0.7 (−6.2 − +6.4) | −2.65 (−23.6 − +6.3) | 0.032 | ||
| TT, ng/mL | 4.0 (0.3–8.4) | 3.7 (0.2–12.2) | n.s. | ||
| FT, pg/mL | 5.6 (3.6–15.8) | 5.2 (0.2–11.6) | n.s. | ||
| PSA, ng/mL | 1.1 (0.0–4.0) | 0.9 (0.0–3.3) | n.s. | ||
| LH, mIU/mL | 12.1 (7.6–127) | 9.8 (4.1–57.6) | n.s. | ||
| FSH, mIU/mL | 21.8 (11.6–182) | 19.3 (5.4–91.7) | n.s. | ||
| Hb, g/dL | 10.9 (6.8–16.6) | 11.7 (7.5–15.1) | n.s. | ||
| WBC, ×103/μL | 5.5 (1.5–57.8) | 6.0 (1.8–10.1) | n.s. | ||
| Plt, ×104/μL | 20.5 (4.8–90.6) | 23.4 (9.5–80.2) | n.s. | ||
| CRP, mg/dL | 0.9 (0.0–13.0) | 0.9 (0.0–18.8) | n.s. | ||
| Cr, mg/mL | 0.9 (0.2–2.7) | 0.8 (0.5–18.8) | n.s. | ||
| Ca, mg/dL | 9.1 (8.2–10.7) | 9.1 (7.9–11.0) | n.s. | ||
| LDH, U/L | 188 (114–494) | 184 (118–756) | n.s. | ||
| TP, g/dL | 6.6 (5.0–7.7) | 6.6 (4.2–8.1) | n.s. | ||
| Alb, g/dL | 3.6 (2.0–4.7) | 3.6 (2.3–4.4) | n.s. | ||
| IL‐6, pg/mL | 8.0 (0.6–202) | 7.3 (0.8–107) | n.s. | ||
| TNF‐α, pg/mL | 1.6 (0.5–5.8) | 1.9 (0.5–17.9) | n.s. | ||
| IGF‐1, ng/mL | 119 (39–251) | 102 (38–239) | n.s. | ||
Median values are shown except for indicated as n. Values in parentheses indicate range.
Alb, albumin; BMI, body mass index; Ca, calcium; Cr, creatinine; CRP, C‐reactive protein; CUP, carcinoma of unknown primary; FSH, follicle‐stimulating hormone; FT, free testosterone; GU, genitourinary; Hb, haemoglobin; IGF‐1, insulin‐like growth factor‐1; IL‐6, interleukin‐6; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LH, luteinizing hormone; MM, malignant mesothelioma; n.s., not significant; Plt, platelet; PS, performance status; PSA, prostate‐specific antigen; STS, soft tissue sarcoma; TNF‐α, tumour necrotic factor‐α; TP, total protein; TT, total testosterone; WBC, white blood cell.
Cancer treatment includes any anticancer treatments for primary cancer such as chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, surgery, and radiotherapy.
6–12 months before registration.