Table 1.
Participant characteristics and comorbidities
| Age (years) | 81.2 (0.6) | |
| Gender (men: women) | 18: 10 | |
| BMI (kg·m−2) | 27.1 (0.6) | |
| ALMI (kg·m−2) | 7.4 (0.1) | |
| ASA Grade (2:3) | 21:7 | |
| SBP | 150 (3.2) | |
| DBP | 79 (1.7) | |
| Resting HR | 67 (2) | |
| VO2 peak (mL/kg/min) | 22.1 (1.2) | |
| VO2 AT (mL/kg/min) | 13.4 (0.5) | |
| Dominant handgrip strength (kg) | 27.4 (8.7) | |
| SPPBT score | 9.8 (2) | |
| DASI | 41.2 (11) | |
| Comorbidities and medications | ||
| System | Pathology | Number |
| Cardiovascular | Hypertension | 20 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 6 | |
| Heart failure | 2 | |
| Valvular disease | 2 | |
| Pacemaker | 1 | |
| Abdominal aortic aneurysm | 1 | |
| Respiratory | COPD | 1 |
| Asthma | 2 | |
| Previous lung TB | 2 | |
| Endocrine | Thyroid disorders | 4 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 | |
| Dyslipidaemia | 5 | |
| Gout | 2 | |
| Musculoskeletal | Osteoarthritis | 8 |
| Large joint replacement | 6 | |
| Obesity | BMI > 25 (overweight) | 14 |
| BMI > 30 (obese Class 1) | 6 | |
| Regular medications | Inhaled bronchodilators | 3 |
| Statins | 13 | |
| Calcium channel blockers | 11 | |
| Beta‐blockers | 3 | |
| Amiodarone/digoxin | 2 | |
| ACE‐inhibitors/AT1/2 antagonists | 7 | |
| Diuretics | 7 | |
| Metformin | 2 | |
| Thyroxine | 4 | |
Abbreviations: ALMI, appendicular lean mass index [sum of the lean tissue in arms and legs (kg) divided by height (m)2]; ASA, American Society and Anaesthetists; AT, anaerobic threshold; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DASI, Dukes Activity Status Index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SPPBT, short physical performance battery tests; TB, tuberculosis.
Values are mean (SEM).