Table 3. Pros and cons of using CASA systems for semen analysis in comparison with the manual method.

Pros	Cons
Faster analysis of a large number of semen samples	Trained personnel required
Reduced subjectivity	Analysis is challenging for viscous samples, presence of round cells, debris and agglutination
Higher reproducibility	Low accuracy in the analysis of sperm morphology
Evaluation of sperm motion characteristics	Challenging to compare results between different instruments
Possibility to record videos and pictures	Variability in sperm concentration analysis for samples which are very low or high concentrated