Table 1.

Domains and indicators of the project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro-WEAI) and the Abbreviated Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (A-WEAI).

Pro-WEAI Domain Indicator	Weight in pro-WEAI	Adequacy definition	A-WEAI Domain Indicator	Weight in A-WEAI
Intrinsic agency			n/a	n/a
Autonomy in income	1/12	More motivated by own values than by coercion or fear of others’ disapproval: Relative Autonomy IndexB score>=1 RAI score is calculated by summing responses to the three vignettes about a person’s motivation for how they use income generated from agricultural and non-agricultural activities (yes = 1; no = 0), using the following weighting scheme: 0 for vignette 1 (no alternative), −2 for vignette 2 (external motivation), −1 for vignette 3 (introjected motivation), and + 3 for vignette 4 (autonomous motivation)	n/a	n/a
Self-efficacy	1/12	“Agree” or greater on average with self-efficacy questions: New General Self-Efficacy ScaleC score>=32	n/a	n/a
Attitudes about intimate partner violence against women	1/12	Believes husband is NOT justified in hitting or beating his wife in all 5 scenarios:d 1)She goes out without telling him 2)She neglects the children 3)She argues with him 4)She refuses to have sex with him 5)She burns the food	n/a	n/a
Respect among household members	1/12	Meets ALL of the following conditions related to their spouse, the other respondent, or another household member: 1)Respondent respects relation (MOST of the time) AND 2)Relation respects respondent (MOST of the time) AND 3)Respondent trusts relation (MOST of the time) AND 4)Respondent is comfortable disagreeing with relation (MOST of the time)	n/a	n/a
Instrumental agency			Production
Input in productive decisions	1/12	Pro-WEAI definition: Meets at least ONE of the following conditions for ALL of the agricultural activities they participate in 1)Makes related decision solely, 2)Makes the decision jointly and has at least some input into the decisions 3)Feels could make decision if wanted to (to at least a MEDIUM extent) A-WEAI definitiona: Adequate if individual participates in and makes decisions, has input in decisions, or feels she could make decisions (if desired) about at least one agricultural activity	Input in productive decisions	1/5
Ownership of land and other assets	1/12	Pro-WEAI definition: Owns, either solely or jointly, at least ONE of the following: 1)Any three assets 2)Land A-WEAI definitiona: Adequate if individual owns at least one major asset or at least two minor assets	Ownership of land and other assets	2/15
Access to and decisions on financial services	1/12	Pro-WEAI definition: Meets at least ONE of the following conditions: 1)Belongs to a household that used a source of credit in the past year AND participated in at least ONE sole or joint decision about it 2)Belongs to a household that did not use credit in the past year but could have if wanted to from at least ONE source 3)Has access, solely or jointly, to a financial account A-WEAI definitionb: Adequate if individual makes decisions about at least one source of credit accessed by her/his household	Access to and decisions on credit	1/15
			Income
Control over use of income	1/12	Pro-WEAI definition: Has input in decisions related to how to use BOTH income and output from ALL of the agricultural activities they participate in AND has input in decisions related to income from ALL non-agricultural activities they participate in, unless no decision was made A-WEAI definitiona: Adequate if individual participates in and has input in decisions about income generated from an activity or she/he makes decisions, has input in decisions, or feels she/he could make decisions (if desired) about employment or major household expenditures	Control over use of income	1/5
			Time
Work balance	1/12	Pro-WEAI definition: Works <10.5 h per day: Workload = time spent in primary activity + (1/2) time spent in childcare as a secondary activity A-WEAI definitionc: Adequate if individual worked<10.5 h during the previous day Workload = time spent in primary activity	Workload	1/5
Visiting important locations	1/12	Meets at least ONE of the following conditions: 1)Visits at least TWO locations at least ONCE PER WEEK of [city, market, family/relative], or 2)Visits least ONE location at least ONCE PER MONTH of [health facility, public meeting]	n/a	n/a
Collective agency			Leadership
Group membership	1/12	Active member of at least ONE group	Group membership	1/5
Membership in influential groups	1/12	Active member of at least ONE group that can influence the community to at least a MEDIUM extent	n/a	n/a

Notes: n/a means “not applicable” and applies to pro-WEAI indicators that are not included in A-WEAI. Cells shaded in green are indicators that are common to both indices.

^apro-WEAI uses a stricter adequacy cut-off.

^bpro-WEAI includes access to financial accounts.

^cpro-WEAI includes only childcare as a secondary activity in the 24-hour recall module; secondary activities are not collected in A-WEAI.

^dCalculation of overall measures: In A-WEAI, an individual is defined as empowered if she/he is adequate in 80% of the indicators as defined and weighted in Table 1. In pro-WEAI, we estimate two empowerment scores: (1) the individual is adequate in 70% of the indicators and (2) the individual is empowered in 80% of the indicators, in both cases as defined and weighted in Table 1. The overall 5DE (A-WEAI)/3DE (pro-WEAI) score is calculated as a composite index that measures two aspects of empowerment, a) the proportion of women who are empowered, and b) the average empowerment score among disempowered women. The second component of the A-WEAI and pro-WEAI indices - the GPI - is calculated in the same way for both, except that the two indices use different indicators and adequacy cut-offs to define empowerment, as laid out in Table 1.