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. 2021 Jul 26;12:688647. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688647

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Copyright © 2021 Nagashima and Iyoda

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Potential functions in renal ILC2. ILC2 have protective functions in kidney, but exerts positively or negatively effects in dependent on the amount of renal IL-33. Upon kidney injury and disease, IL-33 released from vascular endothelial cells and/or tubular epithelial cells leads to activate renal-resident ILC2, and secreted type2 cytokines possibly affects in following events; (A) tissue repair by inducing M2 macrophages, (B) hypertension and cardiovascular disease through renin-angiotensin system, (C) renal anemia mediated by EPO, (D) renal fibrosis via the plasticity for TGF-β producing ILCreg.