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. 2021 Jul 26;12:665881. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.665881

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Copyright © 2021 Shin, Bose, Choi, Kim, Chin, Song, Nam and Kim.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Changes in the diversity and structure of the gut microbiota in response to exposure to PN or FPN in the HFD-induced mouse model. The alpha diversity was measured from (A) Chao 1 and (B) observed OTUs. PCoA score plot calculated from OTU level by QIIME was subjected to (C) unweighted and (D) weighted UniFrac analysis. The data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 7–8); ###p < 0.001; NOR vs. HFD group. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; HFD group vs. treatment groups (XEN, PN and FPN).