Table 2.
Impact of common HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 alleles on COVID-19 severity.
| Allele | N | (%) | Symptomatic infection | Severe respiratory symptoms | Respiratory hospitalization | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | (95%-CI) | p | padj | OR | (95%-CI) | p | padj | OR | (95%-CI) | p | padj | |||
| HLA-A alleles | ||||||||||||||
| 02:01 | 3,193 | (50.1) | 1.20 | (1.02-1.42) | .029 | .29 | 1.03 | (0.92-1.16) | .56 | .93 | 1.06 | (0.82-1.38) | .65 | .95 |
| 03:01 | 1,741 | (27.3) | 1.04 | (0.86-1.25) | .70 | .90 | 1.01 | (0.89-1.15) | .86 | .93 | 1.10 | (0.82-1.47) | .54 | .95 |
| 01:01 | 1,735 | (27.2) | 0.92 | (0.76-1.10) | .35 | .88 | 1.01 | (0.89-1.15) | .84 | .93 | 1.06 | (0.79-1.42) | .72 | .95 |
| 24:02 | 1,156 | (18.2) | 1.03 | (0.82-1.27) | .82 | .90 | 0.98 | (0.85-1.14) | .81 | .93 | 0.80 | (0.55-1.15) | .22 | .95 |
| 11:01 | 680 | (10.7) | 0.81 | (0.63-1.04) | .10 | .37 | 1.06 | (0.88-1.27) | .54 | .93 | 0.96 | (0.62-1.48) | .84 | .95 |
| 68:01 | 435 | (6.8) | 1.07 | (0.76-1.50) | .69 | .90 | 0.93 | (0.74-1.17) | .54 | .93 | 0.98 | (0.58-1.66) | .95 | .95 |
| 32:01 | 432 | (6.8) | 0.89 | (0.65-1.22) | .47 | .90 | 0.90 | (0.72-1.13) | .38 | .93 | 0.98 | (0.58-1.66) | .94 | .95 |
| 26:01 | 369 | (5.8) | 0.95 | (0.68-1.33) | .76 | .90 | 0.90 | (0.70-1.15) | .40 | .93 | 1.20 | (0.71-2.04) | .49 | .95 |
| 25:01 | 300 | (4.7) | 0.97 | (0.66-1.44) | .90 | .90 | 0.79 | (0.60-1.04) | .095 | .93 | 0.50 | (0.22-1.14) | .099 | .95 |
| 31:01 | 279 | (4.4) | 0.74 | (0.51-1.07) | .11 | .37 | 0.99 | (0.75-1.30) | .93 | .93 | 0.74 | (0.36-1.52) | .41 | .95 |
| HLA-B alleles | ||||||||||||||
| 07:02 | 1,527 | (23.9) | 1.18 | (0.96-1.45) | .11 | .36 | 1.09 | (0.95-1.24) | .22 | .89 | 1.20 | (0.89-1.61) | .24 | .59 |
| 08:01 | 1,172 | (18.4) | 0.84 | (0.68-1.03) | .098 | .36 | 1.04 | (0.90-1.21) | .55 | .89 | 1.03 | (0.74-1.45) | .84 | .94 |
| 44:02 | 944 | (14.8) | 0.96 | (0.76-1.21) | .72 | .80 | 0.99 | (0.84-1.16) | .88 | .97 | 0.53 | (0.34-0.85) | .008 | .080 |
| 15:01 | 795 | (12.5) | 1.05 | (0.82-1.35) | .70 | .80 | 0.96 | (0.80-1.14) | .62 | .89 | 0.92 | (0.61-1.39) | .68 | .86 |
| 35:01 | 737 | (11.5) | 0.85 | (0.66-1.09) | .19 | .48 | 1.06 | (0.89-1.27) | .48 | .89 | 1.01 | (0.67-1.53) | .94 | .94 |
| 51:01 | 719 | (11.3) | 1.15 | (0.88-1.50) | .31 | .56 | 1.00 | (0.83-1.19) | .97 | .97 | 1.37 | (0.94-2.01) | .10 | .51 |
| 18:01 | 625 | (9.8) | 1.08 | (0.81-1.44) | .59 | .80 | 0.86 | (0.71-1.05) | .14 | .89 | 1.21 | (0.79-1.84) | .38 | .74 |
| 40:01 | 618 | (9.7) | 0.80 | (0.61-1.04) | .094 | .36 | 1.09 | (0.91-1.32) | .35 | .89 | 1.29 | (0.85-1.95) | .23 | .59 |
| 44:03 | 494 | (7.7) | 1.17 | (0.85-1.62) | .34 | .56 | 0.92 | (0.74-1.14) | .44 | .89 | 0.81 | (0.48-1.38) | .44 | .74 |
| 27:05 | 445 | (7.0) | 1.01 | (0.73-1.39) | .97 | .97 | 1.02 | (0.82-1.28) | .83 | .97 | 1.15 | (0.70-1.89) | .58 | .83 |
| HLA-C alleles | ||||||||||||||
| 07:01 | 1,581 | (26.0) | 0.73 | (0.61-0.88) | .001 | .010 | 0.95 | (0.83-1.08) | .44 | .75 | 1.00 | (0.74-1.37) | .98 | .98 |
| 07:02 | 1,500 | (24.7) | 1.20 | (0.98-1.47) | .085 | .24 | 1.09 | (0.95-1.24) | .22 | .75 | 1.24 | (0.91-1.67) | .17 | .82 |
| 04:01 | 1,422 | (23.4) | 0.99 | (0.81-1.21) | .91 | .91 | 1.11 | (0.97-1.27) | .13 | .75 | 1.04 | (0.76-1.43) | .80 | .89 |
| 06:02 | 1,158 | (19.0) | 1.14 | (0.91-1.42) | .27 | .44 | 0.96 | (0.82-1.11) | .56 | .75 | 0.86 | (0.60-1.23) | .42 | .82 |
| 03:04 | 920 | (15.1) | 0.90 | (0.71-1.13) | .34 | .49 | 1.08 | (0.92-1.26) | .36 | .75 | 1.10 | (0.76-1.59) | .61 | .87 |
| 05:01 | 823 | (13.5) | 1.25 | (0.96-1.63) | .096 | .24 | 1.06 | (0.90-1.25) | .49 | .75 | 0.84 | (0.55-1.27) | .40 | .82 |
| 12:03 | 694 | (11.4) | 1.32 | (0.99-1.76) | .057 | .24 | 0.95 | (0.79-1.14) | .60 | .75 | 1.06 | (0.70-1.60) | .79 | .89 |
| 02:02 | 697 | (11.5) | 1.04 | (0.80-1.36) | .76 | .85 | 0.97 | (0.81-1.17) | .77 | .86 | 0.86 | (0.55-1.33) | .49 | .82 |
| 03:03 | 628 | (10.3) | 0.89 | (0.68-1.16) | .39 | .49 | 0.92 | (0.76-1.12) | .40 | .75 | 0.76 | (0.47-1.23) | .26 | .82 |
| 01:02 | 371 | (6.1) | 1.27 | (0.87-1.87) | .21 | .42 | 0.99 | (0.77-1.26) | .91 | .91 | 1.37 | (0.83-2.26) | .22 | .82 |
| HLA-DRB1 alleles | ||||||||||||||
| 15:01 | 1,711 | (25.7) | 1.10 | (0.91-1.34) | .32 | .89 | 1.13 | (1.00-1.28) | .048 | .26 | 1.25 | (0.95-1.66) | .11 | .62 |
| 07:01 | 1,558 | (23.4) | 1.22 | (1.00-1.49) | .056 | .56 | 0.92 | (0.80-1.05) | .20 | .41 | 0.84 | (0.61-1.15) | .28 | .71 |
| 03:01 | 1,318 | (19.8) | 0.98 | (0.80-1.21) | .85 | .89 | 0.95 | (0.82-1.09) | .46 | .51 | 1.01 | (0.73-1.38) | .97 | .99 |
| 01:01 | 1,164 | (17.5) | 0.98 | (0.79-1.21) | .84 | .89 | 1.08 | (0.94-1.25) | .27 | .44 | 1.03 | (0.74-1.44) | .87 | .99 |
| 11:01 | 1,003 | (15.1) | 1.06 | (0.84-1.34) | .61 | .89 | 0.97 | (0.83-1.13) | .70 | .70 | 0.73 | (0.49-1.09) | .12 | .62 |
| 13:01 | 999 | (15.0) | 1.11 | (0.88-1.40) | .38 | .89 | 1.16 | (1.00-1.35) | .051 | .26 | 1.11 | (0.78-1.58) | .55 | .99 |
| 04:01 | 983 | (14.8) | 0.98 | (0.78-1.24) | .89 | .89 | 0.89 | (0.76-1.04) | .14 | .39 | 0.80 | (0.54-1.18) | .27 | .71 |
| 13:02 | 510 | (7.7) | 1.04 | (0.76-1.42) | .81 | .89 | 1.16 | (0.94-1.42) | .16 | .39 | 1.01 | (0.63-1.63) | .95 | .99 |
| 11:04 | 428 | (6.4) | 1.10 | (0.78-1.56) | .57 | .89 | 0.90 | (0.72-1.14) | .38 | .48 | 1.12 | (0.67-1.86) | .66 | .99 |
| 08:01 | 383 | (5.8) | 0.85 | (0.61-1.20) | .36 | .89 | 1.13 | (0.90-1.43) | .30 | .44 | 1.00 | (0.57-1.74) | .99 | .99 |
HLA, Human Leukozyte Antigen; N, number; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; p, p-value; padj, adjusted p-value.