Table 2.

Summary of cognitive, language, symptomatic, and adaptive functioning outcomes in childhood.

Study	IQd		Expressive languagee		ASD Symptom Severityf		Adaptation compositeg
	Preintervention	Middle childhood	Preintervention	Middle childhood	Preintervention	Middle childhood	Preintervention	Middle childhood
Bibby	50.80 ± 20.60	55.00 ± 22.30					54.50 ± 13.00	63.40 ± 21.90
Clarka	65.68 ± 11.87	102.71 ± 19.55			6.45 ± 2.08	6.20 ± 2.68
Cohenb	61.60 ± 16.40	87.00 ± 25.26	52.90 ± 14.50	78.00 ± 29.91			69.80 ± 8.10	79.00 ± 19.77
Estesc	61.00 ± 9.20	90.52 ± 26.36					69.50 ± 5.70	81.41 ± 17.27
Gabriels	57.81 ± 25.88	62.94 ± 30.79
Harris	59.33 ± 23.75	77.59 ± 28.10
Howard	60.57 ± 17.48	89.43 ± 23.99	49.73 ± 16.34	83.25 ± 29.88			72.00 ± 7.73	76.00 ± 15.94
Kovshoff	61.43 ± 16.43	64.65 ± 33.04					60.22 ± 5.82	55.13 ± 19.40
Landa	60.10 ± 11.90	81.50 ± 24.40			7.30 ± 2.20	7.40 ± 2.00
McEachinc	53.00 ± 13.00	84.50 ± 32.40
Magiati	64.40 ± 30.00	52.60 ± 21.80	2.60 ± 7.30	34.50 ± 37.90	36.70 ± 7.20	32.40 ± 10.00	58.70 ± 5.90	37.20 ± 17.90
Perry					34.16 ± 5.49	26.63 ± 6.40	63.45 ± 8.95	66.85 ± 17.18
Sallows	50.85 ± 10.57	73.08 ± 33.08	47.92 ± 6.17	53.38 ± 31.91			59.54 ± 5.31	69.00 ± 28.04
Smith 2000	50.53 ± 11.18	66.49 ± 24.08	15.13 ± 0.52	44.53 ± 23.48			63.44 ± 9.35	61.19 ± 29.72
Smith 2015	58.80 ± 13.39	64.93 ± 18.01			8.51 ± 1.76	6.45 ± 2.15	62.68 ± 9.02	59.89 ± 14.65
Vinen	55.42 ± 8.74	76.06 ± 20.82			7.39 ± 2.09	7.97 ± 2.60
Weiss					45.68 ± 5.30	26.58 ± 8.60	49.85 ± 7.84	76.05 ± 36.01

^aData were acquired from the merging of subgroups in Clark et al. (36).

^bData were acquired from the figures in Cohen et al. (37).

^cThe standard deviation is calculated from the range of the outcomes in Estes et al. (13) and McEachin et al. (33).

^dIQ was measured by a series of instruments, including WISC, BSID, WPPSI, and so on.

^eLanguage was measured by Reynell, SICD-R, EOWPVT, and BPVS-2.

^fASD symptom severity was measured by ADOS, ADI-R, and CARS.

^gAdaptation composite was measured by VABS.

Akshoomoff et al. (34) reported the subdomains of adaptive functioning and non-verbal/verbal IQ, which are not represented in Table 2. ASD, autism spectrum disorder; IQ, intelligence quotient.