Table 1.
A summary of studies investigating ANS function in patients with pSS.
| Authors | Year | Sample Size | Measurement | Main Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mandl et al. (16) | 1997 | 19 | Reflex tests (DB/FSBP/OC) | Parasympathetic dysfunction |
| Andonopoulous et al. (17) | 1998 | 32 | Reflex tests (DB/SHG/OC/VM) | Autonomic dysfunction |
| Barendregt et al. (18) | 1999 | 41 | Reflex tests | Parasympathetic dysfunction |
| Niemelä et al. (19) | 2000 | 28 | HRV | No difference between pSS and controls |
| Tumiati et al. (20) | 2000 | 16 | HRV | Increased vagal tone |
| Kovacs et al. (21) | 2000 | 22 | CCh induced skin vasodilatation | Impaired vasodilatation |
| Mandl et al. (22) | 2001 | 30 | Reflex tests (DB/FSBP/OC) | Autonomic dysfunction |
| Barendregt et al. (23) | 2002 | 43 | Reflex tests (OC) | Significant differences during OC |
| Niemelä et al. (24) | 2003 | 30 | Reflex tests (DB/OC/VM), HRV | No autonomic dysfunction |
| Kovacs et al. (25) | 2004 | 51 | BPV, HRV | Reduced HRV and BPV |
| Mandl et al. (26) | 2007 | 46 | Reflex tests (DB/FSBP/OC) | Autonomic dysfunction |
| Cai et al. (27) | 2008 | 27 | HRV | Reduced HPV and BPV |
| Ng et al. (28) | 2012 | 21 | Reflex tests (OC/VM) | Autonomic dysfunction |
| Imrich et al. (29) | 2015 | 21 | Reflex tests (OC/IV edrophonium) | Autonomic dysfunction |
| Koh et al. (6) | 2017 | 154 | HRV | Autonomic dysfunction |
| Brunetta et al. (30) | 2019 | 19 | Reflex tests (OC) | Autonomic dysfunction |
BPV, blood pressure variability; CCh, Carbachol; DB, Deep breathing; FSBP, finger skin blood flow; HRV, heart rate variability, IV; intravenous OC, orthostatic challenge; SHG, sustained hand grip; VM, Valsalva manoeuvre.