Table 4.
Within-group effects for clinical outcome measures.
| Outcome measure | n | Pre M (SD) |
Post M (SD) |
Change (%) | Statical tests | Significance p |
Effect size Cohens d |
[95% CI for difference] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASRS full scale | ||||||||
| All participantsa | 9 | 45.7 (8.2) | 38.3 (7.7) | −16.2% | t(8) = 2.429 | 0.041* | 0.93 | [+0.4; +14.3] |
| Completersb | 6 | 47.5 (7.6) | 38.8 (9.1) | −18.0% | t(5) = 2.925 | 0.033* | 1.04 | [+1.1; +16.2] |
| ASRS Inattention | ||||||||
| All participants | 9 | 26.7 (3.5) | 21.2 (3.5) | −23.0% | t(8) = 3.696 | 0.006* | 1.57 | [+2.1; +8.8] |
| Completers | 6 | 27.7 (3.1) | 21.7 (4.2) | −24.3% | t(5) = 3.286 | 0.022* | 1.63 | [+1.3; +10.7] |
| ASRS Hyperactivity | ||||||||
| All participants | 9 | 19.0 (6.3) | 17.1 (5.0) | −10.5% | t(8) = 1.046 | 0.326 | 0.33 | [−2.3; +6.1] |
| Completers | 6 | 19.8 (5.4) | 17.2 (5.6) | −14.1% | t(5) = 2.039 | 0.097 | 0.47 | [−0.7; +6.0] |
| PSS | ||||||||
| All participants | 10 | 31.3 (5.6) | 28.8 (8.6) | −8.0% | t(9) = 1.100 | 0.300 | 0.35 | [−2.6; +7.6] |
| Completers | 7 | 30.6 (5.4) | 25.9 (8.4) | −15.0% | t(6) = 2.569 | 0.042* | 0.67 | [+0.2; +9.2] |
| PHQ-9 | ||||||||
| All participants | 10 | 10.3 (2.6) | 9.3 (3.5) | −9.7% | t(9) = 0.791 | 0.450 | 0.32 | [−1.9; +3.9] |
| Completers | 7 | 9.7 (2.6) | 8.4 (3.9) | −13.0% | t(6) = 0.727 | 0.495 | 0.39 | [−3.0; +5.6] |
| GAD-7 | ||||||||
| All participants | 10 | 7.2 (2.6) | 7.1 (2.7) | −1.4% | t(9) = 0.091 | 0.930 | 0.04 | [−2.4; +2.6] |
| Completers | 7 | 7.3 (2.4) | 7.0 (3.1) | −4.0% | t(6) = 0.269 | 0.797 | 0.11 | [−2.3; +2.9] |
| AAQoL | ||||||||
| All participants | 10 | 48.0 (9.6) | 55.8 (15.0) | +16.3% | t(9) = −1.822 | 0.102 | 0.62 | [−17.4; +1.9] |
| Completers | 7 | 48.4 (11.5) | 60.8 (13.5) | +26.0% | t(6) = −3.307 | 0.016* | 0.99 | [−21.6; −3.2] |
| AAQoL Relationships | ||||||||
| All participants | 10 | 56.0 (21.1) | 64.0 (18.7) | +14.3% | t(9) = −1.432 | 0.186 | 0.40 | [−20.6; +4.6] |
| Completers | 7 | 53.6 (24.3) | 68.6(16.0) | +28.0% | t(6) = −2.598 | 0.041* | 0.73 | [−29.1; −0.9] |
| AAQoL Psychological health | ||||||||
| All participants | 10 | 48.3 (15.9) | 56.3 (15.7) | +16.6% | t(9) = −1.039 | 0.326 | 0.51 | [−25.2; +9.3] |
| Completers | 7 | 41.7 (12.3) | 60.1 (14.6) | +44.1% | t(6) = −4.155 | 0.006* | 1.36 | [−29.3; −7.6] |
| AAQoL Life outlook | ||||||||
| All participants | 10 | 45.0 (10.1) | 51.4 (20.2) | +14.2% | t(9) = −1.561 | 0.153 | 0.40 | [−15.7; +2.9] |
| Completers | 7 | 49.0 (9.4) | 59.2 (18.8) | +20.8% | t(6) = −2.059 | 0.085 | 0.69 | [−22.3; +1.9] |
| AAQoL Life productivity | ||||||||
| All participants | 10 | 46.1 (14.2) | 54.6 (16.9) | +18.4% | t(9) = −2.054 | 0.070 | 0.55 | [−17.7; +0.9] |
| Completers | 7 | 49.4 (15.5) | 58.8 (17.7) | +19.0% | t(6) = −2.054 | 0.086 | 0.57 | [−20.6; +1.8] |
Note. M = mean; SD = standard deviation. ASRS = Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale; PSS = Perceived Stress Scale; PHQ = Patient Health Questionnaire; GAD = General Anxiety Disorder; AAQOL = Adult ADHD Quality of Life.
a
All participants: All participants who completed the post-intervention measurements.
b
Completers: Participants who completed all three modules in the intervention.