Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients with and without HT.
| Characteristics | Total, N=494 | Without HT, N=413 | With HT, N=81 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 66.4 (13.4) | 65.5 (13.4) | 70.9 (12.5) | 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 287 (58.1) | 252 (61.0) | 35 (43.2) | 0.003 |
| Onset to admission time, h, median [IQR] | 9 [4–24] | 10 [4–24] | 5 [4–24] | 0.017 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 308 (62.3) | 258 (62.5) | 50 (61.7) | 0.900 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 128 (25.9) | 109 (26.4) | 19 (23.5) | 0.581 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 72 (14.6) | 63 (15.3) | 9 (11.1) | 0.334 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 127 (25.7) | 79 (19.1) | 48 (59.3) | <0.001 |
| Prior stroke/TIA, n (%) | 89 (18.0) | 78 (18.9) | 11 (13.6) | 0.256 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 184 (37.2) | 161 (39.0) | 23 (28.4) | 0.072 |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 118 (23.9) | 109 (26.4) | 9 (11.1) | 0.003 |
| Baseline NIHSS, median [IQR] | 5 [2–11] | 5 [2–9] | 13 [8–18] | <0.001 |
| Systolic pressure, mmHg, mean (SD) | 147.15 (23.94) | 148.41 (24.32) | 140.70 (20.80) | 0.004 |
| Diastolic pressure, mmHg, mean (SD) | 84.55 (15.08) | 84.66 (14.45) | 84.04 (18.05) | 0.736 |
| TOAST classification, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Large-artery atherosclerosis | 127 (25.7) | 109 (26.4) | 18 (22.2) | |
| Lacunar stroke | 146 (29.6) | 144 (34.9) | 2 (2.5) | |
| Cardio-embolism | 121 (24.5) | 76 (18.4) | 45 (55.6) | |
| Undetermined etiology | 90 (18.2) | 75 (18.2) | 15 (18.5) | |
| Other etiology | 10 (2.0) | 9 (2.2) | 1 (1.2) | |
| Platelet count, mean (SD)† | 170.75 (72.37) | 175.01 (74.50) | 148.09 (55.38) | 0.002 |
| NLR, median (IQR) | 4.15 (2.52–7.03) | 3.81 (2.40–6.70) | 5.96 (3.44–8.60) | <0.001 |
| Glucose, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 7.15 (3.25) | 8.05 (3.43) | 7.88 (2.14) | 0.578 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L, mean (SD) | 72.5 (35.57) | 78.49 (36.75) | 76.49 (28.90) | 0.645 |
| Uric acid, μmol/L, mean (SD) | 345.00 (99.38) | 354.40 (101.07) | 358.21 (90.78) | 0.753 |
| APTT, s, mean (SD) | 28.27 (4.78) | 28.36 (4.97) | 27.81 (3.67) | 0.364 |
| PT, s, mean (SD) | 11.89 (3.07) | 11.91 (3.32) | 11.82 (0.93) | 0.805 |
| INR, mean (SD) | 1.01 (0.27) | 1.01 (0.29) | 1.00 (0.08) | 0.767 |
| Fibrinogen, g/L, mean (SD) | 2.88 (0.94) | 2.89 (0.96) | 2.83 (0.82) | 0.620 |
| Treatment after admission, n (%) | ||||
| Antiplatelet | 461 (93.3) | 394 (95.4) | 67 (82.7) | <0.001 |
| Anticoagulant | 58 (11.7) | 44 (10.7) | 14 (17.3) | 0.090 |
| Lipid-lowering | 468 (94.7) | 395 (95.6) | 73 (90.1) | 0.055 |
| Reperfusion therapy | 57 (11.5) | 42 (10.2) | 15 (18.5) | 0.032 |
| Imaging characteristics | ||||
| Infarct area >1/3MCA, n (%) | 141 (28.5) | 81 (19.6) | 60 (74.1) | <0.001 |
| Total EPVS, median [IQR] | 4 [3–5] | 4 [3–5] | 4 [3–4] | 0.001 |
| BG-EPVS, median [IQR] | 1 [1–2] | 2 [1–2] | 1 [1–2] | 0.005 |
| Moderate to severe BG-EPVS, n (%) | 239 (48.4) | 212 (51.3) | 27 (33.3) | 0.003 |
| CS-EPVS, median [IQR] | 2 [2–3] | 2 [2–3] | 2 [2–3] | 0.019 |
| Moderate to severe CS-EPVS, n (%) | 435 (88.1) | 368 (89.1) | 67 (82.7) | 0.105 |
| Lacunes, n (%) | 95 (19.2) | 85 (20.6) | 10 (12.3) | 0.086 |
| PWMH, median [IQR] | 1 [0–2] | 1 [0–2] | 1 [0–1] | 0.195 |
| Extensive PWMH, n (%) | 39 (7.9) | 35 (8.5) | 4 (4.9) | 0.281 |
| DWMH, median [IQR] | 1 [0–1] | 1 [0–1] | 1 [0–1] | 0.163 |
| Extensive DWMH, n (%) | 90 (18.2) | 78 (18.9) | 12 (14.8) | 0.385 |
| cWMH, median [IQR] | 2 [0–3] | 2 [1–3] | 1 [0–2] | 0.141 |
| No cWMH (0), n (%) | 128 (25.9) | 103 (24.9) | 25 (30.9) | 0.287 |
| Mild cWMH (1–2), n (%) | 228 (46.2) | 188 (45.5) | 40 (49.4) | |
| Moderate cWMH (3–4), n (%) | 96 (19.4) | 86 (20.8) | 10 (12.3) | |
| Severe cWMH (5–6), n (%) | 42 (8.5) | 36 (8.7) | 6 (7.4) | |
| Total CSVD burden, median [IQR] | 1 [0–1] | 1 [0–2] | 0 [0–1] | 0.003 |
| Score 0, n (%) | 219 (44.3) | 171 (41.4) | 48 (59.3) | 0.025 |
| Score 1, n (%) | 157 (31.8) | 136 (32.9) | 21 (25.9) | |
| Score 2, n (%) | 83 (16.8) | 75 (18.2) | 8 (9.9) | |
| Score 3, n (%) | 35 (7.1) | 31 (7.5) | 4 (4.9) |
†Platelet count was missing in 2 (0.4%) patients. HT, hemorrhagic transformation; TIA, transient ischemic attack; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; TOAST, Trial of ORG 10,172 in Acute Stroke Treatment; NLR, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; APTT, activated partial thromboplastic time; PT, prothrombin time; INR, international normalized ratio; MCA, middle cerebral artery; BG-EPVS, basal ganglia enlarged perivascular spaces; CS-EPVS, centrum semiovale enlarged perivascular spaces; PWMH, periventricular white matter hyperintensity; DWMH, deep white matter hyperintensity; cWMH, total cerebral white matter hyperintensity; CSVD, cerebral small vessel disease; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; reperfusion therapy refers to thrombosis and endovascular therapy.