FIGURE 3.

Time-course kinetic and thermodynamic profile of glucose and xylose metabolism by Z. mobilis BC42C Δpdc. Substrate concentrations constituted the fitting curve of experimental data. Specific substrate uptake rates were calculated as the first derivative of substrate concentrations divided by corresponding biomass concentrations. MDF optimization and enzyme protein cost estimation were performed at 100 equally spaced timepoints during fermentation with substrate concentration fixed at corresponding values. Only total cumulative ΔG′ and protein cost were illustrated, see Supplementary Figures 1, 2 for results of individual enzymes.