Table 3.
Characteristics of Populations With Any, Coded, and Uncoded CKD in the MHS, With e-Phenotype eGFR Cutoff < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2
| Any CKD | Coded CKD | Uncoded CKD | Pa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | 39,610 (100%) | 38,688 (97.7%) | 922 (2.3%) | |
| Age, y | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 51.6 (10.6) | 51.5 (10.6) | 58.1 (7.7) | <0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 55 (46,60) | 54 (46,60) | 61 (56,63) | |
| Female sex | 15,106 (38.14%) | 14,547 (37.6%) | 559 (60.6%) | <0.001 |
| Beneficiary category | ||||
| Active duty dependent | 3,144 (7.94%) | 3,103 (8.0%) | 41 (4.5%) | <0.001 |
| Retired | 19,950 (50.4%) | 19,581 (50.6%) | 369 (40.0%) | |
| Other dependent | 11,640 (29.4%) | 11,160 (28.9%) | 480 (52.1%) | |
| Active duty | 4,876 (12.3%) | 4,844 (12.5%) | 32 (3.5%) | <0.001b |
| Race | ||||
| White | 16,684 (42.1%) | 16,153 (41.8%) | 531 (57.6%) | <0.001 |
| Black | 12,351 (31.2%) | 12,197 (31.5%) | 154 (16.7%) | <0.001c |
| AAPI | 2,207 (5.6%) | 2,163 (5.6%) | 44 (4.8%) | |
| AIAN | 114 (0.3%) | 111 (0.3%) | ∗∗ | |
| Other | 4,664 (11.8%) | 4,547 (11.8%) | 117 (12.7%) | |
| Unknown | 762 (1.9%) | 735 (1.9%) | 27 (2.9%) | |
| Missing | 2,828 (7.1%) | 2,782 (7.2%) | 46 (5.0%) | |
| Rank | ||||
| Junior Enlisted | 1,355 (3.4%) | 1,329 (3.4%) | 26 (2.8%) | 0.07 |
| Senior Enlisted | 31,015 (78.3%) | 30,257 (78.2%) | 758 (82.2%) | |
| Junior Officer | 1,760 (4.4%) | 1,727 (4.5%) | 33 (3.6%) | |
| Senior Officer | 5,479 (13.8%) | 5,374 (13.9%) | 105 (11.4%) | |
| Other | d | d | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Married | 29,233 (73.8%) | 28,518 (73.7%) | 715 (77.6%) | 0.009 |
| Branch of service | ||||
| Army | 16,235 (41.0%) | 15,827 (40.9%) | 408 (44.3%) | 0.21 |
| Air Force | 12,151 (30.7%) | 11,881 (30.7%) | 270 (29.3%) | |
| Marine Corps | 1,952 (4.9%) | 1,902 (4.9%) | 50 (5.4%) | |
| Navy | 8,694 (22.0%) | 8,513 (22.0%) | 181 (19.6%) | |
| Other | 578 (1.5%) | 565 (1.5%) | 13 (1.4%) | |
| Diabetes | 17,186 (43.4%) | 16,809 (43.5%) | 377 (40.9%) | 0.12 |
| Hypertension | 30,443 (76.9%) | 29,836 (77.1%) | 607 (65.8%) | <0.001 |
| Depression | 4,946 (12.5%) | 4,831 (12.5%) | 115 (12.5%) | 0.99 |
| HIV | 364 (0.9%) | 359 (0.9%) | d | 0.23 |
| Dialysis N | 1,772 (4.5%) | 1,772 (4.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.001 |
| Transplant | 1,065 (2.7%) | 1,065 (2.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.001 |
| BMI (missing = 292,246) | ||||
| Obese | 21,430 (54.1%) | 20,940 (54.1%) | 490 (53.2%) | <0.001 |
| Overweight | 12,833 (32.4%) | 12,568 (32.5%) | 265 (8.7%) | |
| Normal/under | 4,950 (12.5%) | 4,828 (12.48%) | 122 (13.2%) | |
| Zip code MHI (missing = 427,864) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | $65,804 ($22,099) | $65,910 ($22,152) | $61,365 ($19,247) | <0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | $60,936 ($49,990, $76,923) | $60,936 ($50,206, $77,114) | $57,356 ($47,979, $72,284) | |
| No. of urinary albumin measurese | 1.6 (1.9) | 1.6 (1.9) | 1.3 (1.7) | <0.001 |
| No. of UACR measurese | 1.3 (1.7) | 1.3 (1.8) | 0.9 (1.5) | <0.001 |
| No. of UPCR measurese | 0.8 (2.3) | 0.8 (2.3) | 0.4 (1.5) | <0.001 |
| No. of Scr measurese | 16.9 (27.3) | 16.9 (27.3) | 16.8 (25.5) | 0.95 |
| No. of eGFR measurese | 9.1 (14.2) | 9.1 (14.2) | 9.2 (13.0) | 0.87 |
| Phenotype positive | 5,617 (14.2%) | 4,695 (12.1%) | 922 (100%) | <0.001 |
| Urinary albumin test result | 24,866 (62.8%) | 24,373 (63.0%) | 487 (52.8%) | <0.001 |
| UACR test result | 20,440 (51.6%) | 20,042 (51.8%) | 398 (43.2%) | <0.001 |
| UPCR test result | 10,005 (25.3%) | 9,857 (25.5%) | 148 (16.1%) | <0.001 |
| Any proteinuria | 28,050 (70.8%) | 27,507 (71.1%) | 543 (58.9%) | <0.001 |
| Any kidney test | 38,750 (97.8%) | 37,828 (97.8%) | 922 (100%) | <0.001 |
| CKD stage | ||||
| 3a | 8,858 (22.4%) | 8,858 (22.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.001 |
| 3b | 3,938 (9.9%) | 3,165 (8.2%) | 773 (83.8%) | |
| 4 | 1,441 (3.6%) | 1,325 (3.4%) | 116 (12.6%) | |
| 5 | 1,057 (2.7%) | 1,024 (2.7%) | 33 (3.6%) |
Abbreviations: AAPI, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders; AIAN, American Indian and Alaska Native; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IQR, interquartile range; MHI, median household income; MHS, Military Health System; Scr, serum creatinine; SD, standard deviation; UACR, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio; UPCR, urinary protein-creatinine ratio.
P values from χ2 tests and t tests between coded and uncoded CKD.
Compares active duty with non–active duty.
Compares Black beneficiaries to white beneficiaries.
Censored due to small cell size.
Mean (SD) number of tests among those who had any test.