Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics by Quartiles of Urinary Creatinine
| N | Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 590 | 590 | 590 | 590 | 2,360 | |
| Range, mg/dL | <75 | 75-112 | 113-161 | ≥162 | |
| Randomization arm | |||||
| Standard | 289 (49%) | 286 (49%) | 285 (48%) | 300 (51%) | 1,160 (49%) |
| Intensive | 301 (51%) | 304 (51%) | 305 (52%) | 290 (49%) | 1,200 (51%) |
| Age, y | 75 ± 9 | 74 ± 9 | 73 ± 9 | 71 ± 9 | 73 ± 9 |
| Female sex | 307 (52%) | 247 (42%) | 195 (33%) | 192 (33%) | 941 (40%) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 428 (73%) | 398 (68%) | 392 (66%) | 340 (58%) | 1,558 (66%) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 114 (19%) | 134 (23%) | 147 (25%) | 210 (36%) | 605 (26%) |
| Hispanic | 35 (6%) | 52 (9%) | 36 (6%) | 36 (6%) | 159 (7%) |
| Other | 13 (2%) | 6 (1%) | 15 (3%) | 4 (1%) | 38 (2%) |
| Smoking | |||||
| Never | 273 (46%) | 271 (46%) | 250 (42%) | 270 (46%) | 1,064 (45%) |
| Former | 279 (47%) | 258 (44%) | 289 (49%) | 261 (44%) | 1,087 (46%) |
| Current | 38 (6%) | 61 (10%) | 51 (9%) | 59 (10%) | 209 (9%) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.8 ± 5.8 | 29.4 ± 6.1 | 29.8 ± 5.7 | 30.2 ± 5.9 | 29.5 ± 5.9 |
| History of cardiovascular disease | 130 (22%) | 167 (28%) | 159 (27%) | 141 (24%) | 597 (25%) |
| History of heart failure | 51 (9%) | 34 (6%) | 31 (5%) | 35 (6%) | 151 (6%) |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 142 ± 17 | 140 ± 16 | 138 ± 15 | 138 ± 16 | 139 ± 16 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 73 ± 12 | 73 ± 12 | 74 ± 12 | 76 ± 13 | 74 ± 12 |
| No. of antihypertensive medications | |||||
| 0 | 26 (4%) | 27 (5%) | 25 (4%) | 19 (3%) | 97 (4%) |
| 1 | 115 (20%) | 115 (20%) | 145 (25%) | 149 (25%) | 524 (22%) |
| 2 | 202 (34%) | 232 (39%) | 212 (36%) | 215 (36%) | 861 (37%) |
| 3 | 187 (32%) | 162 (28%) | 166 (28%) | 163 (28%) | 678 (29%) |
| ≥4 | 60 (10%) | 54 (9%) | 42 (7%) | 44 (8%) | 200 (9%) |
| RAAS-I | 362 (61%) | 374 (63%) | 377 (64%) | 354 (60%) | 1,467 (62%) |
| Diuretics | 373 (63%) | 322 (55%) | 302 (51%) | 294 (50%) | 1,291 (55%) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 186 ± 39 | 184 ± 42 | 182 ± 40 | 183 ± 41 | 184 ± 41 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 105 ± 33 | 106 ± 34 | 106 ± 34 | 107 ± 36 | 106 ± 35 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 56 ± 15 | 53 ± 15 | 51 ± 14 | 50 ± 13 | 52 ± 14 |
| Median serum creatinine, mg/dL | 1.30 [1.11-1.57] | 1.33 [1.16-1.58] | 1.35 [1.19-1.60] | 1.36 [1.20-1.58] | 1.34 [1.17-1.59] |
| Median serum cystatin C, mg/L | 1.45 [1.27-1.79] | 1.45 [1.28-1.74] | 1.39 [1.25-1.66] | 1.36 [1.23-1.56] | 1.41 [1.26-1.69] |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 44 ± 11 | 44 ± 11 | 46 ± 10 | 48 ± 9 | 46 ± 11 |
| Median urinary creatinine, mg/dL | 51 [37-65] | 94 [85-103] | 133 [121-148] | 206 [180-250] | 112 [75-161] |
| β2-microglobulin, ng/mL | 87 [30-355] | 132 [48-461] | 90 [41-299] | 102 [28-244] | 101 [36-325] |
| α1-microglobulin, mg/L | 8 [4-14] | 15 [8-25] | 15 [9-28] | 21 [10-35] | 14 [7-25] |
| YKL-40, ng/mL | 269 [113-689] | 448 [188-1,073] | 603 [304-1,144] | 1,080 [561-2,135] | 555 [223-1,267] |
| IL-18, ng/mL | 13 [8-23] | 26 [17-42] | 37 [24-59] | 60 [39-108] | 31 [17-57] |
| UMOD, ng/mL | 4 [3-6] | 6 [5-9] | 8 [6-11] | 9 [6-12] | 7 [4-10] |
| MCP-1, pg/mL | 64 [32-102] | 149 [102-242] | 221 [152-331] | 389 [269-602] | 185 [94-331] |
| KIM-1, pg/mL | 276 [110-520] | 717 [424-1,094] | 1,080 [702-1,643] | 1,902 [1,266-3,043] | 872 [411-1,618] |
| NGAL, ng/mL | 17 [9-39] | 26 [15-56] | 31 [18-60] | 39 [23-77] | 28 [15-60] |
| Urinary albumin, mg/L | 11 [4-35] | 14 [7-57] | 17 [8-56] | 24 [13-67] | 16 [8-52] |
Note: Data presented as mean ± standard deviation, number (percent), or median [interquartile range].
Abbreviations BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; Q, quartile; RAAS-I, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor; IL-18, interleukin 18; KIM-1, kidney injury marker-1; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; UMOD, uromodulin; YKL-40, chitinase-3-like protein-1.