Table 3.
Urinary Biomarker Associations With Longitudinal Outcomes Based on the Absolute Value of Biomarker, Biomarker Indexed to Ucr, and Biomarker Adjusted for 1/Ucr
| Biomarker | HR (95% CI) |
HR (95% CI) |
HR (95% CI) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absolute Biomarker Level | Biomarker/Ucr | Biomarker Adjusted for 1/Ucr | Indexed vs Adjusted HR | |
| Composite Cardiovascular Disease Outcome (n=307) | ||||
| β2-microglobulin | 1.05 (1.01-1.10) | 1.06 (1.02-1.11) | 1.05 (1.01-1.10) | 0.29 |
| α1-microglobulin | 1.28 (1.16-1.42) | 1.43 (1.29-1.60) | 1.44 (1.29-1.62) | 0.69 |
| YKL-40 | 1.06 (1.00-1.11) | 1.09 (1.03-1.15) | 1.09 (1.03-1.15) | 0.23 |
| IL-18 | 1.07 (0.98-1.16) | 1.21 (1.09-1.34) | 1.21 (1.09-1.34) | 0.88 |
| UMOD | 0.80 (0.72-0.90) | 0.86 (0.75-0.98) | 0.79 (0.68-0.91) | <0.01 |
| MCP-1 | 1.03 (0.96-1.11) | 1.17 (1.05-1.31) | 1.23 (1.10-1.37) | 0.01 |
| KIM-1 | 0.99 (0.93-1.06) | 1.05 (0.95-1.15) | 1.10 (0.99-1.22) | 0.03 |
| NGAL | 1.07 (0.99-1.14) | 1.11 (1.04-1.19) | 1.10 (1.02-1.18) | 0.21 |
| Albumin | 1.14 (1.08-1.21) | 1.18 (1.11-1.24) | 1.17 (1.10-1.24) | 0.23 |
| All-Cause Mortality (n=166) | ||||
| β2-microglobulin | 0.98 (0.93-1.04) | 0.99 (0.94-1.04) | 0.99 (0.93-1.04) | 0.80 |
| α1-microglobulin | 1.25 (1.09-1.44) | 1.29 (1.11-1.50) | 1.33 (1.13-1.56) | 0.29 |
| YKL-40 | 1.11 (1.04-1.19) | 1.13 (1.05-1.21) | 1.13 (1.05-1.21) | 0.94 |
| IL-18 | 1.15 (1.03-1.29) | 1.27 (1.10-1.46) | 1.27 (1.10-1.46) | 0.95 |
| UMOD | 0.88 (0.76-1.04) | 0.87 (0.72-1.04) | 0.84 (0.69-1.02) | 0.50 |
| MCP-1 | 1.09 (0.98-1.21) | 1.21 (1.04-1.41) | 1.23 (1.06-1.43) | 0.48 |
| KIM-1 | 1.07 (0.98-1.18) | 1.17 (1.01-1.34) | 1.20 (1.03-1.39) | 0.41 |
| NGAL | 1.12 (1.02-1.23) | 1.13 (1.03-1.24) | 1.13 (1.03-1.25) | 0.70 |
| Albumin | 1.18 (1.09-1.27) | 1.18 (1.09-1.27) | 1.18 (1.10,1.28) | 0.37 |
| Composite Kidney Outcome (n=34) | ||||
| β2-microglobulin | 1.11 (0.98-1.26) | 1.11 (0.98-1.25) | 1.10 (0.96-1.25) | 0.58 |
| α1-microglobulin | 1.18 (0.87-1.58) | 1.44 (1.03-1.20) | 1.40 (0.99-1.97) | 0.45 |
| YKL-40 | 1.11 (0.98-1.26) | 1.17 (1.02-1.34) | 1.17 (1.03-1.34) | 0.84 |
| IL-18 | 1.21 (0.95-1.55) | 1.43 (1.09-1.87) | 1.40 (1.07-1.84) | 0.42 |
| UMOD | 0.78 (0.57-1.08) | 0.90 (0.61-1.33) | 0.82 (0.54-1.24) | 0.10 |
| MCP-1 | 1.21 (0.94-1.55) | 1.68 (1.22-2.32) | 1.72 (1.25-2.36) | 0.52 |
| KIM-1 | 1.14 (0.90-1.43) | 1.69 (1.17-2.44) | 1.84 (1.27-2.66) | 0.16 |
| NGAL | 1.19 (0.97-1.46) | 1.27 (1.04-1.56) | 1.25 (1.02-1.54) | 0.45 |
| Albumin | 1.37 (1.15-1.63) | 1.44 (1.20-1.73) | 1.44 (1.20-1.73) | 0.53 |
Note: All biomarker HRs are per 2-fold higher. All models adjusted for age, sex, race, randomized treatment arm, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, smoking status, history of cardiovascular disease, baseline number of antihypertensive medications, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and high-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels.
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; IL-18, interleukin 18; KIM-1, kidney injury marker 1; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; Ucr, urinary creatinine; UMOD, uromodulin; YKL-40, chitinase-3-like protein-1.