Table 3.
Time-varying analysis for the effect of probiotics on clinical improvement in the unmatched cohort.
| Models | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|
| Crude model | 1.35 (1.09–1.67) | 0.006 |
| Model 1 a | 1.33 (1.09–1.67) | 0.007 |
| Model 2 b | 1.32 (1.06–1.64) | 0.012 |
| Model 3 c | 1.28 (1.04–1.59) | 0.026 |
| Model 4 d | 1.30 (1.04–1.61) | 0.017 |
Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index.
Model 2 was additionally adjusted for disease severity, comorbidity (including hypertension, diabetes, and coronary disease), and radiological findings (including normal, ground-glass opacity, and bilateral pulmonary infiltration).
Model 3 was additionally adjusted for laboratory test results (including white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, interleukin-6, D-dimer, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, T cell count, CD4+ T cell count, and CD8+ T cell count).
Model 4 was additionally adjusted for clinical treatments (including antibiotics, corticosteroid, intravenous immunoglobin, oxygen therapy, high-flow nasal cannula, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, and invasive mechanical ventilation), and intensive care unit admission.
CI, confidence interval.