Table 3.
Psychosis and perceptual abnormalities in C9orf72 carriers, non‐carriers and controls.
| C9orf72 carriers (n = 16) | C9orf72 non‐carriers (n = 59) | Controls (n = 25) | X 2 | p value | Effect size | Post hoc | X 2 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psychosis present on CBI‐R | 63 (10) | 22 (13) | — | 118.57 | <0.001 | 0.751 | |||
| CAPS – clinical psychosis factor | |||||||||
| Symptom endorsed | 50 (8) | 27 (16) | 0 | 14.14 | <0.001 | 0.376 | Carrier > HC | 18.24 | <0.001 |
| Non‐carrier > HC | 7.9 | 0.005 | |||||||
| Thought broadcast | 19 (3) | 10 (6) | 0 | 4.37 | 0.113 | 0.208 | |||
| Thoughts repeated | 31 (5) | 17 (10) | 0 | 7.84 | 0.02 | 0.28 | |||
| Third person voices | 25 (4) | 9 (5) | 0 | 7.24 | 0.02 | 0.279 | |||
| Visual hallucinations | 37.5 (6) | 9 (5) | 0 | 14.77 | 0.001 | 0.386 | Carrier > HC | 11.38 | 0.003 |
| Carrier > non‐carrier | 8.27 | 0.004 | |||||||
| CAPS – perceptual abnormality domains | |||||||||
| Auditory | 75 (12) | 31 (18) | 8 (2) | 18.65 | <0.001 | 0.44 | Carrier > HC | 16.55 | <0.001 |
| Carrier > non‐carrier | 11.32 | 0.001 | |||||||
| Visual | 56 (9) | 17 (10) | 4 (1) | 17.11 | <0.001 | 0.416 | Carrier > HC | 13.89 | <0.001 |
| Carrier > non‐carrier | 10.28 | 0.001 | |||||||
| Taste | 56 (9) | 31 (18) | 0 | 16.08 | <0.001 | 0.403 | Carrier > HC | 17.42 | <0.001 |
| Non‐carrier > HC | 9.35 | <0.001 | |||||||
| Smell | 63 (10) | 22 (13) | 0 | 20.69 | <0.001 | 0.459 | Carrier > HC | 19.33 | <0.001 |
| Carrier > non‐carrier | 9.69 | 0.002 | |||||||
| Non‐carrier > HC | 6.02 | 0.014 | |||||||
| Touch | 81.25 (13) | 39 (23) | 4 | 25.22 | <0.001 | 0.502 | Carrier > HC | 25.89 | <0.001 |
| Carrier > non‐carrier | 9.01 | 0.003 | |||||||
| Non‐carrier > HC | 10.53 | 0.001 | |||||||
| Psychiatric | 56 (9) | 12 (7) | 0 | 24.8 | <0.001 | 0.498 | Carrier > HC | 18.02 | <0.001 |
| Carrier > non‐carrier | 14.78 | <0.001 | |||||||
| Neuropathy | 56 (9) | 31 (18) | 4 | 13.66 | 0.001 | 0.37 | Carrier > HC | 14.44 | <0.001 |
| Non‐carrier > HC | 7.05 | 0.008 | |||||||
Values are expressed as percentages of the cohort experiencing at least one psychotic symptom, and also each separate question for the CAPS‐ clinical psychosis factor. Values are also expressed as percentages (exact number in brackets) of the cohort experiencing at least one perceptual abnormality for each CAPS perceptual abnormality domain. Significant values are highlighted in bold. X 2 represents the chi‐square value and effect size is measured as Kramer's V.