Table 1.

Clinical therapeutic trials for cell vaccines against PLC

Vaccine catalog	Trial Phase			Enrolled patients backgrounds			Trial information
	I	II	III	Number.	Location	intervention	comments	Identifier	Reference
Allogeneic				18	Sweden	allogeneic dendritic cell vaccine (ilixadencel)	Safety; immunological response activated against HCC	NCT01974661	[20]
Autologous		I/IIa		8/12	China	autologous fixed HCC vaccine	Safety; recurrence delay for patients with HCC after operation	–	[21]
				41	China	autologous fixed HCC vaccine	Safety; recurrence rates reduced and overall survival rates improved for patients with HCC after operation	–	[22]
				8	USA	bi-shRNAfurin/GM-CSF incorporated autologous HCC cell vaccine	Safety; immunological response activated against HCC and overall survival prolonged	–	[23]
	-			160	China	autologous DC-tumor vaccine	Safety; recurrence and metastasis rates for postoperative HCC patients reduced; survival rates improved	–	[24]
				10	Japan	autologous tumor lysates pulsed DC vaccine	Safety; antitumor efficiency probably existed against PLC: delayed type hypersensitivity induced (7/10); tumor size shrinked (1/10); serum level of tumor marker decreased (2/10)	–	[25]
				31	China	autologous tumor lysates pulsed DC vaccine	Safety; HCC patients’ survival better prolonged by boosters followed DCs therapy than single DCs vaccine itself	–	[26]
				36	Japan	autologous tumor lysates pulsed DC vaccine	Survival for iCCA patients prolonged; prognosis improved	UMIN000005820	[27]

Abbreviations for the table: HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma, iCCA Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, DCs Dendritic cells, GM-CSF Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, USA United States of America