Table 2.
Sample characteristics by tea consumption and cognitive status
| Characteristics | Total sample | CH | MCI | |||||||||
| Tea consumer | Non-tea consumer | F or χ2 | P value | Tea consumer | Non-tea consumer | F or χ2 | P value | Tea consumer | Non-tea consumer | F or χ2 | P value | |
| Demographic | ||||||||||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 69.12 (7.78) | 69.81 (8.21) | 3.36 | 0.067 | 68.55 (7.35) | 69.21 (7.81) | 1.97 | 0.161 | 69.93 (8.30) | 70.48 (8.60) | 0.82 | 0.366 |
| Sex (% female) | 52.49 | 76.12 | 113.00 | <0.001* | 51.85 | 74.59 | 57.67 | <0.001* | 53.41 | 77.87 | 54.18 | <0.001* |
| Education (years), mean (SD) | 11.10 (3.50) | 9.96 (3.86) | 43.47 | <0.001* | 11.62 (3.07) | 10.67 (3.55) | 20.80 | <0.001* | 10.36 (3.92) | 9.15 (4.04) | 18.19 | <0.001* |
| Health | ||||||||||||
| Smoking history (%) | 26.85 | 8.47 | 111.05 | <0.001* | 25.51 | 8.41 | 54.76 | <0.001* | 28.78 | 8.56 | 57.58 | <0.001* |
| Drinking history (%) | 23.09 | 7.60 | 88.34 | <0.001* | 23.46 | 7.86 | 48.57 | <0.001* | 22.55 | 7.31 | 39.12 | <0.001* |
| Hypertension history (%) | 68.13 | 68.28 | 0.004 | 0.957 | 64.65 | 68.25 | 1.24 | 0.277 | 73.04 | 68.31 | 1.86 | 0.185 |
| Diabetes mellitus history (%) | 27.30 | 29.43 | 0.87 | 0.369 | 25.84 | 27.92 | 0.46 | 0.536 | 29.35 | 30.98 | 0.22 | 0.680 |
| Heart disease history (%) | 17.62 | 21.57 | 3.77 | 0.055* | 13.69 | 20.46 | 6.79 | 0.010* | 23.18 | 22.73 | 0.02 | 0.928 |
| Hyperlipidemia history (%) | 41.30 | 41.91 | 0.837 | 45.78 | 44.19 | 0.22 | 0.680 | 34.93 | 39.52 | 1.55 | 0.238 | |
| Cognitive function | ||||||||||||
| MoCA, mean (SD) | 22.36 (4.34) | 21.41 (4.85) | 19.30 | <0.001* | 24.70 (2.84) | 24.22 (3.14) | 6.47 | 0.011* | 19.00 (3.90) | 18.21 (4.45) | 6.86 | 0.009* |
| HVLT total, mean (SD) | 16.82 (5.29) | 15.81 (5.09) | 17.40 | <0.001* | 18.74 (4.83) | 17.87 (4.50) | 9.06 | 0.003* | 14.06 (4.67) | 13.47 (4.69) | 3.16 | 0.076 |
| HVLT recall, mean (SD) | 5.51 (2.85) | 5.08 (2.70) | 10.70 | <0.001* | 6.55 (2.49) | 6.13 (2.46) | 7.17 | 0.008* | 4.01 (2.68) | 3.88 (2.47) | 0.51 | 0.476 |
| DST backward, mean (SD) | 5.40 (2.19) | 5.08 (2.07) | 10.29 | <0.001* | 5.96 (2.20) | 5.70 (2.03) | 4.12 | 0.043* | 4.60 (1.91) | 4.38 (1.88) | 2.46 | 0.117 |
| DST forward, mean (SD) | 8.50 (2.55) | 8.05 (2.71) | 12.81 | <0.001* | 9.19 (2.27) | 8.87 (2.50) | 4.74 | 0.030* | 7.50 (2.60) | 7.13 (2.66) | 3.92 | 0.048* |
*p<0.05.
CH, cognitively healthy; DST, Digit Span Test; HVLT, Hopkins Vocabulary Learning Test; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment.