Table 1.
Characteristics of adults in 2011–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys by sex, N = 21,664
| N | Male (N = 10,658) | Female (N = 11,006) | P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (95% CI) | ||||
| Age categories | ||||
| 18–39 years | 7,792 | 51.7 (50.6–52.8) | 48.3 (47.2–49.4)` | <0.001 |
| 40–59 years | 6,837 | 49.0 (47.5–50.5) | 51.0 (49.5–52.6) | |
| 60–79 years | 5,732 | 46.7 (45.2–48.2) | 53.3 (51.8–54.8) | |
| ≥80 years | 1,303 | 39.4 (36.9–42.0) | 60.6 (58.0–63.1) | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 7,901 | 49.2 (48.1–50.3) | 50.8 (49.7–51.9) | <0.001 |
| Hispanic | 5,245 | 50.6 (49.2–52.0) | 49.4 (48.0–50.8) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 4,968 | 45.7 (44.5–46.9) | 54.3 (53.1–55.5) | |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 2,736 | 47.2 (45.7–48.7) | 52.8 (51.3–54.3) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 11,356 | 51.5 (50.8–52.2) | 48.5 (47.8–49.2) | <0.001 |
| Not married | 10,308 | 46.3 (45.1–47.6) | 53.7 (52.4–54.9) | |
| Education | ||||
| College graduate and above | 5,117 | 48.9 (47.5–50.3) | 51.1 (49.7–52.6) | <0.001 |
| Some college | 6,312 | 45.7 (44.1–47.2) | 54.4 (52.8–55.9) | |
| High school | 9,104 | 51.8 (50.4–53.2) | 48.2 (46.8–49.6) | |
| Family income-to-poverty ratio (FIPR) | ||||
| FIPR ≥4 | 4,085 | 51.8 (50.5–53.0) | 48.3 (47.0–49.5) | <0.001 |
| FIPR 2–3.99 | 5,054 | 49.4 (48.1–50.7) | 50.6 (49.4–51.9) | |
| FIPR 1–1.99 | 5,231 | 47.0 (45.34–48.6) | 53.0 (51.4–54.7) | |
| FIPR <1 | 4,472 | 45.2 (43.6–46.8) | 54.8 (53.2–56.4) | |
| Health insurance status | ||||
| Has health insurance | 17,426 | 47.7 (46.9–48.5) | 52.3 (51.5–53.1) | <0.001 |
| No health insurance | 4,194 | 46.1 (54.2–57.9) | 43.9 (42.1–45.8) | |
| Routine place for healthcare | ||||
| Yes | 17,879 | 45.8 (44.9–46.6) | 54.2 (53.4–55.1) | <0.001 |
| No | 3,784 | 65.3 (63.4–67.1) | 34.7 (32.9–36.6) | |
| Nativity status | ||||
| US-born | 15,128 | 48.9 (48.1–49.8) | 51.1 (50.2–51.9) | 0.40 |
| Foreign-born | 6,526 | 49..6 (48.2–51.0) | 50.4 (49.0–51.8) | |
| Diagnosed diabetes | ||||
| No | 18,234 | 48.6 (47.9–49.4) | 51.4 (50.6–52.1) | 0.0146 |
| Yes | 3,430 | 52.1 (49.4–54.8) | 47.9 (45.2–50.6) | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never smoker | 12,429 | 42.7 (41.6–43.8) | 57.3 (56.2–58.4) | <0.001 |
| Former smoker | 4,221 | 57.9 (55.8–59.9) | 42.1 (40.1–44.2) | |
| Current smoker | 4,089 | 55.4 (53.4–57.5) | 44.6 (42.5–46.6) | |
| BMI categories | ||||
| Normal | 6,080 | 44.5 (42.9–46.1) | 55.5 (53.9–57.1) | <0.001 |
| Overweight | 6,760 | 55.7 (54.2–57.2) | 44.3 (42.8–45.8) | |
| Class 1 obesity | 4,443 | 53.3 (51.1–55.4) | 46.7 (44.6–48.9) | |
| Class 2 obesity | 2,077 | 43.6 (40.5–46.8) | 56.4 (53.2–59.5) | |
| Class 3 obesity | 1,642 | 35.6 (32.1–39.3) | 64.4 (60.7–67.9) | |
| Chronic kidney disease | ||||
| No | 16,554 | 50.1 (49.2–51.0) | 49.9 (49.0–50.8) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 3,536 | 43.9 (41.3–46.5) | 56.12 (53.5–58.7) | |
| Survey cycle | ||||
| 2011–2012 | 5,304 | 49.4 (47.8–51.0) | 50.6 (49.0–52.2) | 0.95 |
| 2013–2014 | 5,657 | 48.9 (47.6–50.1) | 51.1 (49.9–52.4) | |
| 2015–2016 | 5,504 | 48.9 (47.7–50.1) | 51.1 (49.9–52.3) | |
| 2017–2018 | 5,199 | 49.1 (47.2–51.0) | 50.9 (49.0–52.8) |
Abbreviations: ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
a P values are from chi-squared tests; CKD: eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or ACR ratio >30 mg/g using CKD-EPI equation; BMI: normal: 18.5–24.9 kg/m2, overweight: 25–29.9 kg/m2, and Class 1 obesity: ≥30 to <35 kg/m2, Class 2 obesity: ≥35 to <40 kg/m2, and Class 3 obesity: ≥40 kg/m2.