FIGURE 2:

Height-height undulation spectra for the two Martini CG systems. Spectra (A) with 2048 lipids and (B) with membrane and 14 CG PHDs distributed randomly on the bilayer surface. The schematics of the system, rendered from a snapshot of the trajectory, are shown in the inset. The undulation spectra follow the standard Helfrich-type q⁴ scaling, and the effect of curvature on the BM is not significant. Full fluctuation spectra for CG systems comprising 2048 lipids with pure membrane (no PHD) and membrane with 14 PHD are shown in Supplemental Figure S1. Time-averaged mean curvature observed in (C) pure membrane and (D) membrane with PHDs. Time-averaged Gaussian curvature observed in (E) pure membrane and (F) membrane with PHDs.