Table 1.

Associations between parental monitoring, sex, and substance use initiation at follow-up, among never users at baseline

	Main Effects				Interaction Effects
	Parental Monitoring		Sex (Male v. Female)
	Statistic	P-Value	Statistic	P-Value	P-Value
Substance Initiated
Alcohol, aOR (95% CI)	0.82 (0.69, 0.96)	0.017	0.80 (0.64, 1.01)	0.056	0.541
Cigarettes, aOR (95% CI)	0.60 (0.50, 0.72)	<0.001	1.33 (1.02, 1.73)	0.034	0.038
E-Cigarettes, aOR (95% CI)	0.74 (0.62, 0.89)	0.001	1.18 (0.92, 1.50)	0.196	0.042
Cigars, aOR (95% CI)	0.71 (0.57, 0.89)	0.003	1.82 (1.32, 2.52)	<0.001	0.602
Marijuana, aOR (95% CI)	0.68 (0.59, 0.80)	<0.001	0.94 (0.77, 1.15)	0.558	0.044
Stimulants, aOR (95% CI)	0.75 (0.61, 0.93)	0.010	0.82 (0.60, 1.11)	0.193	0.143
Opioids, aOR (95% CI)	0.75 (0.60, 0.93)	0.008	1.01 (0.74, 1.38)	0.928	0.928
Number of substances, B (SE)	−0.34 (0.09)	<0.001	0.18 (0.12)	0.149	0.917

Notes. Logistic regressions were used for all substance-specific models (i.e., alcohol, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, marijuana, stimulants, opioids), and were limited to never users of that substance at baseline. Negative binomial regressions were used for the total number of substances models, and were limited to never users of any substance at baseline. All models were adjusted for race/ethnicity, age, and parental education.