Table 3. Significantly altered pathways between PABS (n = 15) and ABS (n = 20).

Pathways	PABS vs. ABS
	p	Upregulated	Downregulated
Fatty acid biosynthesis	1.72E-05		Myristic acid Dodecanoic acid Palmitoleic acid Decanoic acid Stearic acid Oleic acid Palmitic acid
Nitrogen metabolism	0.000527		Phenylalanine Tyrosine Tryptophan Aspartic acid Histidine
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis	0.001824		Histidine Phenylalanine Aspartic acid Methionine Tryptophan Tyrosine
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)	0.0049	Pyruvic acid	Oxoglutaric acid Isocitric acid
Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism	0.008278	Pyruvic acid	Aspartic acid Oxoglutaric acid
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism	0.011203	Pyruvic acid	Oxoglutaric acid Isocitric acid Oxalic acid
Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis	0.011526		Phenylalanine Tyrosine Tryptophan
Linoleic acid metabolism	0.028252		Linoleic acid Bovinic acid
Butanoate metabolism	0.033159	Pyruvic acid	Butyric acid Oxoglutaric acid
Histidine metabolism	0.04232		Histidine Aspartic acid Oxoglutaric acid
Phenylalanine metabolism	0.04479	Pyruvic acid	Phenylalanine Tyrosine

Abbreviations: ABS, abstinence syndrome; PABS, post-abstinence syndrome; TCA, tricarboxylic acid.

p < 0.05 is significant.